Julio-Claudians

Question 1

Nerva and Trajan’s alimenta
program

Answer 1

• Support children of poor
  citizens
• Low-interest loans to
  land-owners
• Interest provides
  subsidies for children
• Boys: 16 sesterces/mo
• To age 16
• Girls: 12 sesterces/mo
• To age 14

Question 2

Resistance to Rome: Defeat of General Varus in the Teutoburg Forest, AD 9

Answer 2

• Ambush
• 3 legions lost
• Suicide of Varus
• Augustus halts expansion

Question 3

Change from Republic to Empire

Answer 3

• Republic has institutions for a city-state
• Hard to handle problems that are large, long, or faraway with yearly magistracies
• Special appointments for emergencies or large situations
• Dictatorship
• Special commands and multi year posts
• Empire: institutionalize long-term positions into government (emperor)

Question 4

Empire

Answer 4

• Honorable (and useful) management positions for senators and equestrians
• Julio-Claudians build a bureaucracy from the slaves and freed slaves of the imperial house
• Augustus controls the army but keeps it on the frontiers
• Improves public services at Rome

Question 5

Julio-Claudian dynasty: settling into monarchy

Answer 5

• Descendants of Augustus and Livia, intermarried
• Relationship of emperor with senate
• Succession
• Government and expansion

Question 6

Tiberius, 14-37 CE

Answer 6

• Military and administrative
  experience
• Moved voting into the
  Senate
• Initial good government
• Treason trials
• No planned succession

Question 7

Caligula! 37-41 CE

Answer 7

• Great grandson of Augustus
• High expectations
• Cruelty, madness
• Murdered

Question 8

Claudius, 41-54 CE

Answer 8

• Not groomed as successor
• Limp and stammer
• Administrative ability
• Freed slaves in important posts
• Expanded empire
• Including Britain
• Expanded citizenship

Question 9

Nero, 54-68 CE

Answer 9

• Claudius’ adopted son
• Neglect of military and government
• Spendthrift
• Great Fire of Rome (64)
• 3 of 14 districts destroyed in fire; 7 damaged
• Conspiracy and revolt