Introduction Flashcards
What is the vision of newborns like?
It is limited.
What is one reason for studying development?
Parents, educators, and childcare providers need an evidence base for developing their practices.
To what do newborns orient?
Faces
What may constitute the major influence on child development that society needs to understand?
Modifiable risk factors such as experiences during pregnancy, or the early environment.
What has possible implications for social policy?
The relative roles of both genetics and the environment on development.
What affects research?
Politics
With what can studying development provide us?
Information about ourselves and who we are.
What are three core themes of research into development?
- The impact of nature versus nurture on development
- The impact of independence versus discipline on development
- Whether a child has an active or passive role in their development.
What did Plato (457 BC) believe about children?
That they are born with innate knowledge.
What did Freud (1850s) believe about children?
That they have innate drives.
What did Aristotle (384 BC) believe about knowledge?
That is derived from experience.
What did Watson (1900s) believe about children?
That they learn via systems of reinforcement, reward and punishment.
What did John Locke (1600s) believe about children?
That they are born ‘tabula rasa’, and that they ought to first be disciplined before their freedom is increased.
What did Rosseau (1700s) believe about the freedom of children?
That parents and society ought to maximise children’s freedom from the start.
