Bio \Diversity

Question 1

protostome

Answer 1

the blastospore in the embryo becomes the mouth first

Question 2

deuterostome

Answer 2

the blastopore in the embryo becomes the anus

Question 3

sessile

Answer 3

anchored in one place, cannot escape predators

Question 4

radial symmetry

Answer 4

symmetry around a central axis

Question 5

bilateral symmetry

Answer 5

left and right halves are mirror images

Question 6

cnidocytes

Answer 6

stinging cells on tentacles,

Question 7

coelum

Answer 7

internal body cavity, space between digestive tract and body wall

Question 8

nematocysts

Answer 8

cell with a barb attached

Question 9

dioecious

Answer 9

male and female reproductive organs in different individuals

Question 10

hermaphrodites

Answer 10

can have male production when conditions are bad and can self-fertilize

Question 11

metamerism

Answer 11

true segmentation

Question 12

setae/ chaetae

Answer 12

hairlike extensions on thin external cuticle

Question 13

spiracles

Answer 13

small openings on the side of the body which allow air in

Question 14

book lungs

Answer 14

looks like books on a shelf, provide a large surface area for gas exchange in arthropods

Question 15

book gills

Answer 15

gills of the horse crab made up of membranous folds

Question 16

pentaradial

Answer 16

five rays of symmetry: seen in starfish, Echinodermata, sea urchins

Question 17

notochord

Answer 17

flexible rod-shaped structure thats found in the embryonic stages of all chordates, replaced by a vertebral column in vertebrates postnatal

Question 18

dorsal hollow nerve chord

Answer 18

located dorsal to notochord, develops into the CNS

Question 19

pharyngeal slits

Answer 19

openings in the pharynx that extend to outside environment

Question 20

post-anal tail

Answer 20

tail containing skeletal structures and muscles, extends beyond anus

Question 21

urochordata

Answer 21

tunicates, “tunic” composed of cellulose-like carbohydrate material. The adult form does not possess a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, or post-anal tail, but the larvae do. Pharyngeal slits in both adult and larvae stage

Question 22

cephalochordata

Answer 22

notochord extends into head, filter feeders in sand and warm temperate

Question 23

craniata

Answer 23

organisms that have a cranium, jaw, and facial bones. Bilaterally symmetrical, include hagfish

Question 24

vertebrata

Answer 24

display all 4 characteristics of chordates but have a vertebrae column, derived from the notochord

more closely related to lancelets than tunicates

Question 25

cutaneous respiration

Answer 25

oxygen/ co2 exchange can happen through the skin

Question 26

tetrapod

Answer 26

four feet– mammals, amphibians, reptiles

Question 27

oviparous

Answer 27

eggs hatch after they’ve been laid, little embryonic development before being laid

Question 28

viviparous

Answer 28

live birth

Question 29

ovoviviparous

Answer 29

mother incubates the eggs internally, births eggs very close to hatching

Question 30

instinct

Answer 30

(nature) adaption occurs over generations by selection that results in the various behaviours we see

Question 31

learning

Answer 31

(nurture) behaviors are the result of each individual animal’s unique life experiances

Question 32

altruism

Answer 32

benefitting other animals to their own detriment

Question 33

kin selection

Answer 33

when an animal engages in self-sacrificial behavior that benefits the fitness of its relatives

Question 34

epigenetics

Answer 34

when gene expression is altered due to other gene expression in the genome or environmental factors

gene expression vs gene expression in genome/ env factors

Question 35

eusociality

Answer 35

cooperative brood care, overlapping generations, and a division of labor between reproductive and nonreproductive groups