Social influence

Question 1

Social influence

Answer 1

the process by which our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by other people

Question 2

conformity

Answer 2

the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by grops whose approval they desire

Question 3

informational social influence (ISI)

Answer 3

the want to be right about things. this can turn us into us copying other people’s behaviours because you think they know more than you. E.g. when you don’t know which end of the line to queue at you would

Question 4

normative social influence

Answer 4

the want to be liked and accepted by others. we may change our normal behaviour to fit into a particular group of people.

Question 5

social factors affecting conformity

Answer 5

task difficulty, group size anonymity

Question 6

dispositional factors affecting conformity

Answer 6

personality and expertise

Question 7

personality

Answer 7

the less positive a self esteem and IQ a person has the more likely they are to conform

Question 8

expertise

Answer 8

the more expertise the less likely we are to conform

Question 9

locus of control

Answer 9

the sense we each have about what directs events in our lives

Question 10

Asch AIM

Answer 10

To investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority could affect a person to conform

Question 11

Asch PPT

Answer 11

123 American Male Students

Question 12

Asch PROCEDURE

Answer 12

There was 1 naive ppt in each group. The rest were confederates. The confeds were told to give incorrect answers in 12/18 trials, namely the critical trials. The question was which line (A,B or C) matched with line X. The naive ppt was always last or close to last to answer, providing him with pressure to conform.

Question 13

Asch FINDINGS

Answer 13

76% conformed at least once
37% conformed during all critical trials

Question 14

Asch CONCLUSION

Answer 14

People conform to fit into a group, even when they know they’re right. However, various factors affect conformity and some people are able to resist it

Question 15

Asch EVALUATION

Answer 15

D: gen, all men and students, not aplicable to gen society
D: low ecological validity, matching lines isn’t normal, not reflect conformity irl
D: validity, tells more about the culture of 1950s america, more conservative

Question 16

internal locus of control

Answer 16

when people believe they are mostly responsible for what happens to them

Question 17

external locus of control

Answer 17

believe its mainly a matter of luck or outside forces

Question 18

obedience

Answer 18

type of social influence where someone acts in response to a direct order from a figure with percieved authority

Question 19

agent

Answer 19

a person who acts on behalf of others

Question 20

milgrams agency theory

Answer 20

an individual will obey a figure of authority when they believe that the authority will take responsibility of the consequences of their actions
- milgrams ppts believed the experimenter would take responsibility and so did as told

Question 21

automous state

Answer 21

when you behave according to your own principles and feel responsible for your own actions

Question 22

agentic state

Answer 22

a mental state where we feel no responsibility for our behaviour because we believe ourselves to be acting to an authority figure

Question 23

agentic shift

Answer 23

change happens after an authority figure has been identified and an individual feels as though they need to follow their commands

Question 24

fascism

Answer 24

far-right form of government in whihc most of the country’s power is held by one ruler or a small group under a single party.

Question 25

people high on the f-scale

Answer 25

• have exaggerated respect for authority
• more likely to obey
• look down on inferior social status

Question 26

style of thinking from authoritarian

Answer 26

A rigid cognitive style - black in white thinking. For example, they prefer to believe in rigid stereotypes.

Question 27

authoritarian

Answer 27

favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, espiecally that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom

Question 28

disadvantages of the f-scale

Answer 28

• based on a flawed questionaire. There was a response bias - yes = AP, no = not AP. lacks validity
• data correlation -> can’t establish cause and effect. may be other factors that explain the link between obedience and AP
• Both social and dispositional. Not all germans had an Ap, cause they didn’t have same upbringing. Can’t only be personality.

Question 29

how does an AP develop

Answer 29

When a child experiences overly strict parenting and conditional love. The parents expect absolute loyalty and and have extremely high standards of achievement. The child would internalise these values and expect all people to behave like it.

Question 30

Scapegoating

Answer 30

People with AP need to displace their anger on someone else, someone inferior, in order to relieve their anxiety and hostility

Question 31

prosocial

Answer 31

beneficial to other people and may not be necessarily benefit the helper

Question 32

bystander behaviour

Answer 32

when individuals are compelled not to act in an emergency situation if other people are present

Question 33

bystander intervention

Answer 33

when a bystander does help the person in need

Question 34

bystander apathy

Answer 34

when a person doesn’t help the person in need

Question 35

diffusion of responsibility in terms of the bystander effect

Answer 35

the more bystanders that witness an incident, the less likely one of them will help

Question 36

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 36

when in situations, we oftne look at others and react based on what other people are doing. So, if no one is helping, we assume the event is non-emergency

Question 37

social factors affecting the bystander effect

Answer 37

the prescence of others
the cost of helping

Question 38

dispositional factors affecting the bystander effect

Answer 38

similarity to the victim
expertise

Question 39

social factors affecting collective behaviour

Answer 39

social loafing
deinidividuation
culture

Question 40

social loafing

Answer 40

putting less effort into doing something when you are with others doing the same thing

Question 41

deindividuation

Answer 41

when an individual loses their personal identity and takes on the group identity of the people around them

Question 42

collective behaviour

Answer 42

behaviour that emerges when a group of people join together. The group may behave in a way that is different from the way the individuals might have on their own. the group creates their own identity.

Question 43

milgrams study aim

Answer 43

to find out if ordinary american citizens would obey an unjust order from an authority figure and inflict pain on another person because they were instructed to

Question 44

milgram participants

Answer 44

40 American male volunteers aged 20-50 y/o

Question 45

milgram procedure

Answer 45

via a rigged draw, the ppt played the teacher whilst the confed was the learner.
the learner was strapped into a chiar and had electrodes attached to him, to prove the equipment worked, ppt recieved an initial 45V shock.
Play word game and every mistake the learner made would make him recieve a shock increasing by 15v each time.
to standardise, the learner unknown to the ppt played a recording of screams.
After 300V there was silence from the learner.
To encourage the ppt 4 standardised prods were used.
After exp finished, the teacher was fully debriefed and reintroduced to the learner, who had come to no harm.

Question 46

milgram results

Answer 46

100% went to 300V, 65% went to max 450V

Question 47

milgram conclusion

Answer 47

people will obey a percieved authority figure to carry out harmful actions on other people

Question 48

milgram evaluate

Answer 48

S: standardised procedure, like recorded screams or prods. other researcher can check to see if they achieve the same results, making it replicable.
D: generalisability, all male americans, gen with caution to other cultures and genders.
D: ethical issues:
- right to withdraw was made difficult
- psych harm, some ppts experienced seizures
A: applicable, results were eye opening for the world in attempting to explain how ppl carried out horrific acts in WW2.

Question 49

EV of milgram

Answer 49

Yale university - a prestigious skl in which ppl are more likely to obey figures of authority