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Earth Science > Unit 5B > Flashcards

Unit 5B Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of renewable resources?

A

The sun, wind and some types of lumber

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2
Q

What resources must be conserved?

A

Both renewable and nonrenewable resources

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3
Q

What is a nonrenewable resource?

A

One that is used at a rate much faster than it is formed

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4
Q

What type of resources are minerals?

A

Nonrenewable

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5
Q

How can some nonrenewable resources be renewed?

A

Recycling

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6
Q

What nonrenewable resources can’t be recycled?

A

Fossil fuels

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7
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

One that is replaced within the span of a human lifetime or as it is used

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8
Q

Examples of water energy sources

A

Hydroelectric: Water passes through turbines
Tidal: Dams trap water at high tide and releases at low tide, through turbines

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9
Q

What is the problem with wind energy?

A

There are only a few place where the wind blows steadily and fast enough to be reliably harnessed

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10
Q

What plants can be used as renewable resources?

A

Bamboo

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11
Q

What type of resource are mineral resources?

A

Nonrenewable

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12
Q

Mineral resources can be what?

A

Metal or nonmetal

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13
Q

Most mineral resources are in what form?

A

Combined form

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14
Q

Nonmetals are used in what form?

A

The same as they are pulled from the earth

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15
Q

What is a gemstone?

A

A rare mineral that has a brilliant color when cut; they are nonmetallic minerals

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16
Q

What is a rock containing a metal called?

A

An ore

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17
Q

What is rock salt used for? Talc? Fluorite? Calcite? Quartz? Kaolinite? Gypsum?

A

Rock salt: Seasoning food
Talc: Grounded into talcum powder
Fluorite: Used in steelmaking process
Calcite: If clear, used in microscope lens
Quartz: Glass
Kaolinite: Kitty litter
Gypsum: Wallboard, plaster, and concrete

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18
Q

What are strategic minerals?

A

Minerals that must be imported

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19
Q

International policies play a role in the use of strategic minerals in the United States.

The dependence on foreign resources—as well as the nonrenewable nature of the mineral resources sought—complicates the quest for strategic minerals. As the current reserves that exist in the United States become depleted, we often look elsewhere for more profitable reserves, which involves a host of issues.

As the international exchange of strategic minerals continues, it is vital to conserve, recycle, and manage strategic mineral supplies. Lifestyle changes are often required to protect the reserves that exist on earth now.

A
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20
Q

What is prospecting?

A

The search for ore deposits

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21
Q

What types of rock are mineral deposits found in?

A

All types

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22
Q

How are ore deposits obtained?

A

Openpit mines (if they are located near the surface)
Stripmining (ore is removed in wide, long strips)
Subsurface mine (when too deep to be mined from surface)

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23
Q

What do mining companies have to do when they are done mining?

A

They must replace soil, level off ground, clean up damage done from waste water that may have contaminated local water supplies and soil

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24
Q

How is mineral extracted from ore?

A

Smelting; first is melted, then impurities are removed

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25
Q

How can fire manage forest resources?

A

It burns leaf litter and undergrowth

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26
Q

What is a crown fire?

A

A surface fire that got out of hand and is now burning all ze trees

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27
Q

What ways can resources be managed?

A

Starting controlled fires, managing wilflife and reintroducing them, managing and cleaning water, crop rotation and creative farming and planting certain crops for soil,

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28
Q

Why do nonrenewable resources need to be managed?

A

They are in limited supply, and using it creates pollution and waste

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29
Q

Does soil need to be managed?

A

Yes

30
Q

What is sustainability?

A

The concept of living so that nature and humans can maintain a balance

31
Q

What can degrade the environment?

A

Overusing natural resources; polluting water, air and soil; and turning resources into waste

32
Q

What does sustainable agriculture do?

A

Reduces the effects of aquifer depletion, overgrazing, soil erosion, and loss of cropland

33
Q

What are examples of sustainable development?

A

Clustering homes, using recycled materials or lumber from fast-growing trees, relying on renewable energy sources

34
Q

What can you do to conserve energy?

A

Turn off computer equipment, switch to fluorescent lightbulbs

35
Q

How do nuclear reactions create energy?

A

They convert matter into energy

36
Q

What are upsides and downsides to nuclear energy?

A

It is clean, but its waste is not; it must be a place with no groundwater and where it won’t be disturbed

37
Q

How can mines be bad?

A

Reclamation has problems; and if lit on fire, can cause an underground fire that lasts for a long time

38
Q

What problems do alternative sources of energy have?

A

Wind: is noisy, unattractive, and is dangerous to birds
Water: floods upstream, droughts downstream; blocks sediment

39
Q

What can you do with hazardous wastes?

A

Burying: Pollutes ground and water
Burning: Pollutes air
Dumping: pollute water

40
Q

Water flows in units called what, that do what?

A

Watersheds, geographical areas where all the water runoff drains into a specific lake, river, or stream

41
Q

Define divide, waterway, and secondary waterway.

A

Divide: A high elevation that separates one watershed from another
Waterway: Main body of water into which runoff drains
Secondary Waterway: Tributaries of the main waterway

42
Q

What are drainage basins?

A

A collective area of watersheds that brings water to an outlet

43
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

A water-bearing underground rock formation, or a groundwater reservoir

44
Q

How is water use divided?

A

49% power plant cooling water
35% irrigation
11% public use
5% industry

45
Q

What is the water table?

A

The upper limit of an aquifer

46
Q

What happens during a drought?

A

Water table drops

47
Q

Increased population growth puts pressure on water supplies

A
48
Q

How do people reduce water pollution?

A

Monitor and treat waste, reduce pesticide usage, reduce spills of paints, gas, and oil, and properly dispose of polluting substances.

49
Q

What are ecosystems?

A

Organisms and conditions interacting with each other

50
Q

How are ecosystems organized?

A

Individual, population (individuals of the same species grouping together), community (populations of different species grouping together)

51
Q

What are the trophic levels?

A

Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer

52
Q

How do humans affect ecosystems?

A

Human activities set limits on the growth of populations and alter abiotic factors of ecosystems

53
Q

The human population is growing and settling available lands over the globe. One way scientists assess growing urban development is by examining the city lights from space. Human population growth usually has negative impacts on ecosystems. Deforestation, clearing of land, urban development, and grazing reduce vegetation that is important for purifying air and water, minimizing erosion, and providing habitat for species.

The loss of vegetation can lead to increases in greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, depletion of soil nutrients, erosion, and disruption of biogeochemical cycles. Pollution contributes to deterioration of ecosystems by altering biogeochemical cycles, and loss of diverse species, which in turn alters the services that they provide to humans.

A
54
Q

Natural events can also alter ecosystems, succession

A
55
Q

What are the three aspects of biodiversity?

A

Includes all organisms
Includes organization at genetic, organisms, species, population, community, and ecosystem levels
Includes as interactions among species such as predation, competition, and symbiosis

56
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

Resources, ecosystem services, and intrinsic value

57
Q

What are the threats to biodiversity?

A

Habitat loss, degradation, overharvesting, exotic species

58
Q

What are examples of ecological conservation strategies?

A

Clean up and repair degraded ecosystems.
Cultivate endangered organisms and reintroduce them into their natural habitats.
Reduce, reuse, and recycle resources.
Develop efficient—”green”—technologies for using resources.
Develop ecological methods for obtaining resources and using land—for example, sustainable land use and agricultural practices.
Don’t pollute.
Prevent alien species from invading ecosystems where they don’t belong.

59
Q

What are examples of laws for ecological conservation

A

Protect endangered species.
Protect or reserve various ecosystems, such as purchase lands for conservation.
Set legal limits on resource extraction (fishing, mining, and timber).
Set legal limits on pollution and punish offenders.
Provide economic incentives for wise use of resources or ecosystem services.
Encourage conservation of resources.

60
Q

What does the environment provide humans?

A

Food, clean water, land, minerals, fossil fuels, timber

61
Q

What is ecological footprint?

A

Impact of humans, individually and collectively, on the environment due to use and overuse of natural resources; an estimate of the amount of land it takes to meet an individual’s needs

62
Q

Does human population growth occur uniformly?

A

Nope-bell peace prize

63
Q

Excessive population growth leads to what?

A

Poverty and declining health of population

64
Q

High population density leads to what?

A

Poverty, declining health of population, high environmental impacts

65
Q

What influences human population growth?

A

Resources, social factors, beliefs

66
Q

What is the carrying capacity of an environment?

A

The maximum size of a population that a particular environment can support

67
Q

Why is it difficult to estimate the human population’s carrying capacity?

A

People can move around freely and use technology to make environments suitable; plus social factors

68
Q

What are the two methods of studying human population dynamics?

A

Demography is statistics; mathematics is consider initial pop size, factors that add, factor that detract

69
Q

What is the age structure diagram?

A

Shows the makeup of a population by age and gender

70
Q

What can the age structure diagram show?

A

Gender ratio, pop booms, dependency loads

Earth Science (10 decks)

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