Multiple MOA

Question 1

What are the mechanisms of action for Nitrofurans?

Answer 1

Bacteriostatic/bactericidal: Protein synthesis inhibition, inhibits DNA through the release of free radicals - cell wall synthesis inhibition

Question 2

What is the pharmacokinetic characteristic of Nitrofurans that makes them suitable for treating acute lower urinary tract infections?

Answer 2

Very short half-life leading to high urine concentration - perfect for acute low UTI but not for kidney infections

Question 3

What is the spectrum of activity for Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Answer 3

Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Shigella, Proteus)

Question 4

What is the common dosing regimen for Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Answer 4

100mg orally twice a day for 5 days

Question 5

What are some side effects associated with Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?

Answer 5

GI symptoms, headache, and anemia

Question 6

What is the pregnancy consideration for Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) according to ACOG?

Answer 6

Avoid in the first trimester due to teratogenic properties and around the time of delivery due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in the mother and fetus