renal

Question 1

functions:

Answer 1

make urine, filters waste out of the body, fluid balance, Ph balance, secondary endocrine: erythropoitein, renin, vit d, reabsorbtion/secretion/excretion

Question 2

nephron

Answer 2

functional units of the kidneys

Question 3

filtration begins at the …..

Answer 3

bowmans capsule

Question 4

descending loop of henle is permeable to ….

Answer 4

h20

Question 5

the ascending limb of henle is permeable to _____

Answer 5

solutes

Question 6

ADH

Answer 6

stimulation: osmoreceptors, low Bf/decreased bp/ANG2/atrial stretch receptors/barrorecptors(-stretch)–>+ADH
actions: +expression of aquaporions on the apical side of tubular cells of the DCT

Question 7

vasa recta

Answer 7

BV that picks up materials reabsorbed at the capillaries, surrounding the medullary loop

Question 8

DCT

Answer 8

short nephron segment between macula densa/collecting ducts
(absorbs ions and h20)

Question 9

Loop of henle

Answer 9

site of 20% solute reabsorption, makes the concentration gradient to pull H2O out( descending), and reabsorb solutes (ascending)

Question 10

what is the toop of the loops concentration?

Answer 10

300mosm/L

Question 11

concentration of the bottom of the loop?

Answer 11

1200 mosm/L

Question 12

What is the concentration after the DCT?

Answer 12

-100 mosm/L

Question 13

PCT?

Answer 13

segment of of renal tubule that absorb/secretes h2o& solutes ( in the renal cortex)

Question 14

reabsorption mechanisms

Answer 14

transcellular:Na+ gradients/supporting transport proteins
secondary active transport: atp used to transport molecule against gradient and another molecule piggy backs.
paracellular: passive, H2o follows osmotically charged particles

Question 15

Distal convoluted tubules & collecting ducts:

Answer 15

winds around the bowmans capsule
- dilute, -100mosm/L

Question 16

ANP

Answer 16

stim: stretch receptors in the atrial myocytes detect the vol of BF, actions= dilates the afferent arterioles do +GFR–>+Na+ filtered= surpresses the release of ALDO -ANG2 & ALDO(decreases H2O reabsorption by DCT promotes more urine, stims vaso D)

Question 17

RAAS

Answer 17

afferent arteriole sense low p–> renin released, Juxtaglomerular cells in kidneys–>angiotensinogen released from the liver—>converts to ANG1–> ACE–> ANG2–> decreases bv diameter, ec proliferation, +bp

Question 18

GFR=

Answer 18

vol filtered/unit of total blood
125ml/min=180L/day

Question 19

myogenic model:

Answer 19

High pressure—> higher BF through the afferent arteriole→ + GFR
+BP= smooth muscle stretch→ opening the VG Ca2+ channels→ Ca2+ allows for the cross bridge to form—> + Smooth muscle contraction of cells
When Pressure decreases, smooth muscles relax, + BF & GFR

Question 20

Tubuloglomular feedback

Answer 20

+ bf through the afferent arteriole→ + GFRs & + Flow of filtrate through the nephron
+ bf = sensed by the macula densa cells of the JGA
Macula densa cells secrete paracrine factors of adenosine & ATP —> smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole to contract —> decreases the GFR→ secrete less NO ( Nitric oxide)
When BF= decreased through the afferent arterioles, macula densa cells secrete less adenosine & ATP and more NO
Permeability of glomerulus= altered by angiotensin 2 (decreases GFR)