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Sociology A Level- Culture And Identity AQA > Social Class And Identity > Flashcards

Social Class And Identity Flashcards

1
Q

What is a social class?

A

A group of people with similar status, sharing comparable levels of power and wealth

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2
Q

What is stratification?

A

Society has layers, with the wealthy at the top and the poor at the bottom

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3
Q

Which theory is social class a key area of focus for?

A

Marxists

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4
Q

What are the bourgeoisie?

A
  • The ruling classes
  • Own the means of production
  • Maintains a position of power
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5
Q

What are the proletariat?

A
  • Working class
  • Sell their labour in exchange for a wage
  • Wage will always be less than the work is worth
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6
Q

What would Marxists say is the social structure on which other features rest?

A

Social class

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7
Q

Who spoke about the underclass?

A

Murray

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8
Q

Who spoke about cultural capital?

A

Bourdieu

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9
Q

Who spoke about cultural deprivation?

A

Sugarman

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10
Q

What are the two dimensions of social class?

A

Objective and subjective

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11
Q

What is the objective dimension of social class?

A

Aspects of social class that exist independently of people’s thought and ideas

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12
Q

What is the subjective dimension of social class?

A

People’s personal perception of the social class they think they belong to

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13
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

The accumulation of knowledge, behaviour and skills that someone can tap into to demonstrate someone’s social status or standing, judged by knowledge, accent, clothing, hobbies etc.

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14
Q

What does Bourdieu argue backs up cultural capital?

A

Economic (money) and social (connections) capital

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15
Q

What is the concept of relativity?

A

Someone may be considered poor in one country but rich in another

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16
Q

Who argues that consumption is more important than social class?

A

Post modernists

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17
Q

What do post modernists say about class as a source of identity?

A
  • Consumption is more important
  • Class based assumptions about leisure time is out dated
  • Choice outweighs social class, anyone can go to opera or theatre
18
Q

What did Marshall say about social class identity?

A

Economic changes have made it fragmented, manual labour jobs are less common

19
Q

What does Sounders say about social class identity?

A

We live in an equal opportunity meritocracy so social class isn’t relevant anymore

20
Q

Who are the three main groups in the upper class?

A
  • Traditional- royalty/ ‘old rich’
  • Owners of industry- ‘corporate rich’
  • Stars of entertainment- celebrities
21
Q

What features of upper class subculture did Scott identify?

A
  • Socialisation
  • Education
  • Lifestyle and leisure time
22
Q

How does Lawler suggests the middle class secures its identity?

A

Through taste

23
Q

How does Lawler say working class people are viewed by the middle class?

A

Viewed as worthless, frightening and threatening, with bad clothes, food, and behaviour

24
Q

Does Jones echo or challenge Lawler’s view on how the middle class treat the working class?

A

Jones echos it, saying working class are treated as ‘scum of the earth’ and stereotyped as chavs

25
Q

What are the 5 groups of middle class?

A
  • The professionals
  • Managers in the private sector
  • Self employed small business owners
  • Financial and creative middle class
  • Lower middle class
26
Q

Why has the traditional working class declined?

A

Many industries have closed down such as mining, fishing, docking, etc.

27
Q

Who says the traditional working class had strong moral values?

A

Hoggart

28
Q

What caused the traditional working class to have strong moral values?

A

Risk of unemployment or ill health

29
Q

What 3 particular values did Hoggart acknowledge within the working class?

A
  • Imediate gratification- enjoying pleasures now not later
  • Present orientation- focus on here and now not long term
  • Fatalism- accepting the situation they are in
30
Q

When did the new working class first emerge?

A

1960s

31
Q

Who came up with the underclass?

A

Murray

32
Q

How did Murray characterise the underclass?

A
  • High illegitimacy, family instability, lone parenthood
  • Drunkeness
  • Crime, benefit fraud, drug use
  • Exclusion from school/ educational failure
  • Work shy attitude, living off benefits
33
Q

What did Jones say about the underclass view of the working class?

A
  • Demonisation of the working class
  • ‘white trash’ ‘social scum’
  • Offensive stereotypes replace hard-working traditional working class
34
Q

Who said that class is dead as an important factor in identity?

A

Pakulski and Waters

35
Q

What did Pakulski and Waters say has replaced class as a factor in identity?

A

Lifestyle and consumption patterns

36
Q

Which theory says identity is becoming fluid and changeable?

A

Postmodernists

37
Q

Who says people can pick ‘n’ mix different identities?

A

Postmodernists

38
Q

According to the British Social Attitudes survey in 2012, how many people identify with any class?

A

95%

39
Q

According to the British Social Attitudes survey in 2012, how many people identify with the middle class?

A

A third

40
Q

According to the British Social Attitudes survey in 2012, how many people identify with the working class?

A

6 in 10

Sociology A Level- Culture And Identity AQA (13 decks)

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