Infections / SIRS

Question 1

Usually if someone’s temperature goes up, their pulse ______________

Answer 1

Will go up

Question 2

Most common infectious cause of fever is bacterial/viral?

Answer 2

Viral

Question 3

Criteria for Fever of Unknown Origin

Answer 3

3 weeks in duration, fever of 38.3C on multiple occasions, no diagnosis after 3 outpatient visits or 3 days of hospitalization

Question 4

Most FUOs are ______________ manifestations of ____________ diseases

Answer 4

unusual / common

Question 5

4 categories of conditions that often cause FUOs

Answer 5

Infections, Neoplasms, Autoimmune disorders, Inflammatory causes

Question 6

Workup for FUO:

Answer 6

BC, CXR, CT of chest, abd, pelvis

Question 7

Difference btw Bacteremia and Septicemia:

Answer 7

Bacteremia - bacteria is in the blood; Septicemia - bacteria is replicating in the blood & causing a systemic infection

Question 8

Typical causative agents of Bacteremia, Septicemia / Dx & Tx

Answer 8

Staph & Strep / BCx3 & remove source of bacteremia, use targeted abx

Question 9

Signs of sepsis:

Answer 9

Fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, neutropenia, AMS

Question 10

Nosocomial Infection means:

Answer 10

hospital-acquired infection

Question 11

Prophylaxis is given to people with a history of:

Answer 11

Artificial heart valve, prior episode(s) of endocarditis, complex congenital heart defects and repairs

Question 12

Endocardial infection results in:

Answer 12

Aggregation of platelets and fibrin that produce a vegetation (can cause heart valve to fail or break off and embolize)

Question 13

Lesions characteristic of bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 13

Janeway Lesions, Osler Nodes, Roth Spots in Eyes, Splinter Hemorrhages

Question 14

Tx for Bacterial Endocarditis:

Answer 14

IV Vanco + Ceftriaxone

Question 15

Describe Janeway Lesions, Osler Nodes, Roth Spots, and Splinter Hemorrhages

Answer 15

JW=Painless erythematous lesions on palms & soles / ON=painful, purple raised lesions on fingers, toes, feet / RS=retinal hemorrhages with white centers / SH=red lineal streaks under nail bed

Question 16

SIRS criteria for sepsis defines it as 2 or more of the following 5 symptoms:

Answer 16

Temp above 38C or below 36C, HR above 90, RR above 20, CO2 below 32mmHg, and abnormal WBC count

Question 17

EGDT protocol for treating sepsis:

Answer 17

CVP of 8-12mmHg achieved by fluid resuscitation, mean arterial pressure of at least 65mmHg achieved by vasopressors, ScvO2 (pressure of oxygenated blood being returned to around 70%) by giving PRBCs or dobutamine, Urine output over 5cc/kg/hr

Question 18

Amber-colored crust infection in kids / what agent causes it?

Answer 18

Impetigo / Strep

Question 19

Superficial cellulitis of the face / what agent causes it?

Answer 19

Erisepelas / Strep

Question 20

Agent that often causes Folliculitis?

Answer 20

Staph (found on skin)

Question 21

Describe gas gangrene / causative agent? / prognosis?

Answer 21

Acute onset, intense pain, swollen wound that is pale and has foul smelling, brown, bloody / Clostridum / fatal if not treated

Question 22

Streaking erythema, unilateral blistering, boggy infection site caused by Group A beta hemolytic Strep?

Answer 22

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Question 23

Cellulitis is usually caused by? / risk factors

Answer 23

Staph (i.e. staph aureus) / diabetes, IV drug use

Question 24

Osteomyelitis is most frequently caused by / which lab tests are raised?:

Answer 24

Staph aureus / ESR & CRP

Question 25

Migratory polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, purulent monoarthritis

Answer 25

gonocolla arthritis