More Bio Flashcards
What is active transport
Active transport involves moving substances from low to high concentration, requiring the cell’s energy.
What are protein pumps?
Protein pumps are molecules in the cell membrane involved in active transport.
What does the sodium-potassium pump do?
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The sodium-potassium pump brings in two potassium ions (K⁺) and kicks out three sodium ions (Na⁺) with each cycle
Why is the sodium-potassium pump important for muscle and nerve cells?
The pump helps maintain a more negative charge inside the cell, crucial for proper function of muscle and nerve cells.
How does glucose enter the cell in relation to the sodium-potassium pump?
Glucose enters when electrolytes naturally drift back, carrying glucose along with sodium ions.
What is bulk transport
Bulk transport is necessary when large particles or large quantities of particles need to be moved across the cell membrane
What are the two types of bulk transport?
The two types are endocytosis and exocytosis.
What happens during endocytosis?
During endocytosis, the cell membrane pinches around the material to form small vesicles called endocytic vacuoles.
What is phagocytosis
Phagocytosis, or “cell eating,” is a type of endocytosis where large particles are engulfed by the cell.
What is an example of phagocytosis?
An example is white blood cells engulfing bacteria.
What is pinocytosis?
Pinocytosis, or “cell drinking,” is a type of endocytosis where dissolved particles are taken in by the cell.
What is an example of pinocytosis?
An example is capillaries and intestinal cells absorbing dissolved particles.
What is exocytosis?
Exocytosis is the secretion of substances from the cell, where molecules are transported in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
What happens during exocytosis?
During exocytosis, membrane-bound vesicles containing substances are transported to the cell membrane and fuse with it, releasing their contents outside the cell.
What are examples of substances released through exocytosis?
Examples include hormones and waste products.
