Marcomolecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some properties of carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates have names that often end in ‘-ose’, are the most important short or long-term energy source for living things, providing 4 calories per gram, and are found in foods like bread, pasta, rice, fruit, and vegetables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Monosaccharides are “simple sugars” made of one sugar unit. They taste sweet and include six-carbon sugars among their types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Disaccharides are carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides put together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?
Examples include maltose (found in alcoholic beverages), sucrose (table sugar), and lactose (found in milk).

A

Examples include maltose (found in alcoholic beverages), sucrose (table sugar), and lactose (found in milk).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the process to bond two simple sugars together to form a disaccharide?

A

In order to bond two simple sugars together, water must be removed, a process known as dehydration synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Polysaccharides are carbohydrates made of long chains of many monosaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A

Examples include starch, which is how plants store carbohydrates, glycogen, which is how animals store carbohydrates in the liver and muscles, and cellulose, which is found in plant cell walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in large amounts, and they are not water soluble.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some functions of lipids?

A

Lipids make up hormones and cell membranes, cushion and insulate the body, and serve as a good long-term energy source, providing 9 calories per gram.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Triglycerides are important as concentrated energy storage molecules, containing more than twice the energy per gram as carbohydrates and proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the composition of triglycerides?

A

Triglycerides are made up of three fatty acids and glycerol. Glycerol is an alcohol molecule with three hydroxyl groups, while fatty acids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen with an acid group at the end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms and form straight chains, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least one carbon-carbon double bond, causing the molecule to be kinked or bent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are phospholipids?
.

A

Phospholipids are the main component of the cell membrane. They are similar in structure to triglycerides, but one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids?

A

Phospholipids have both a hydrophobic (water-repelling) end and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) end due to their composition of fatty acid tails and phosphate heads.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are steroids?

A

Steroids are a large group of organic compounds characterized by a molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms.

17
Q

What are some characteristics of steroids?

A

Steroids include many hormones and vitamins and serve various physiological functions in the body.

18
Q

examples of steroids?

A

Examples of steroids include cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone, and vitamin D

19
Q

Why are proteins considered unique to each individual?

A

Proteins are unique to each individual (except identical twins) because of the specific sequence of amino acids they contain.

20
Q

How are amino acids linked together to form proteins?

A

Amino acids are linked together in a chain by peptide bonds to form proteins.