A And P Ch 20 Fluids And Electrolytes

Question 1

Average body water vol

Answer 1

40 L
Water is 50-60% of adult body weight

Question 2

Variations in body water volume are related to

Answer 2

Total body weight of individual
Fat content of body
More fat= less water
Adipose tissue= less water

Question 3

Age related variations in body water volume

Answer 3

% of body water decreases rapidly in first ten years
Newborn- up to 80% total body weight
Older adults- water per pd of body weight decreases
Muscle tissue =high in water
As we age less muscle, more fat

Question 4

Body fluid compartments

Answer 4

Extracellular
Intracellular

Question 5

Extracellular fluid

Answer 5

Internal environment of body
Surrounds cells
Transports substances to and from cells

Question 6

Types of extracellular fluid

Answer 6

Plasma- liquid part of whole blood
Interstitial fluid- surrounds cell
Transcellular fluid-lymph, joint fluids, cerebral fluids, eye humors
66% of fluids is in cells

Question 7

Intracellular fluid

Answer 7

LARGEST FLUID COMPARTMENT
Solvent- facilitates Intracellular chemical reactions
Intracellular fluid is in every cell of the body

Question 8

Relative volume of three body fluids

Answer 8

Plasma-3liters
Interstitial fluid-12 liters
Intracellular- 25 liters

Question 9

Regulation of fluid output

Answer 9

Fluid output mainly urine volume adjust to fluid intake
Antidiuretic hormone (ADHfrom posterior pituitary gland) increases renal tubule reabsorption of NA and H2O
Which increases ECF (and total body fluid) by decreasing urine volume

Question 10

Homeostasis of water volume

Answer 10

1st (primary)- adjust output to intake less urine
2nd (secondary)-adjust fluid intake. Drink more
If input and output are equal = no change in amt of water in body

Question 11

four main sources of H2O volume

Answer 11

Water vapor when we exhale
Sweat that evaporates from skin
Urine output by kidneys
Water lost in feces

Question 12

Three main sources of fluid intake

Answer 12

Liquids we drink
Water in the foods we eat
Water formed by catabolism AKA cellular respirations

Question 13

Exchange of fluids by blood

Answer 13

Capillary blood pressure pushes water out of blood enter interstitial fluid
Blood protein concentration pools water enter blood from intititial fluid
Under usual conditions These regular plasma and interstitial fluid volume

Question 14

Aldosterone

Answer 14

Restores normal ECF volume one levels decrease below normal
Hey too much aldosterone causes excess ECF volume and elevated total NA+ content in the in the body (edema)

Question 15

Fluid imbalance

Answer 15

Dehydration and overhydration

Question 16

Dehydration

Answer 16

Total volume of body fluids less than normal
Interstitial fluid volume shrinks first
If treatment is not given I see ICF and plasma volume decreased dehydration occurs when fluid output exceeds intake for an extended period

Question 17

Overhydration

Answer 17

Total volume of body fluids greater than normal
Overhydration occurs when fluid intake exceeds output
Various factors may cause this such as
IV fluids given too fast or too much
Intentional water intoxication

Question 18

Water intoxication may result from

Answer 18

Rapidly drinking large volumes of water
Hypertonic IV solutions
Water intoxication can happen in healthy individuals when water intake is so rapid or
Urinary mechanisms of water loss cannot keep up

Question 19

Fluid Imbalances can occur

Answer 19

A normal temperatures hot weather and prolonged exercise

Question 20

Importance of electrolytes in body fluids

Answer 20

NON-ELECTROLYTES are organic substances that do not break up and water such as glucose
ELECTROLYTES are compounds that break up of water they break into separate particles called ions such as Old Navy tablesaw sodium chloride

Question 21

Electrolytes

Answer 21

Influence the movement of water between bodies fluid compartments
Are required for manycellular activities such as nerve conduction muscle contraction

Question 22

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 22

Most abundant and important positively charged ion of plasma
Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption in kidney tubules

Question 23

Major electrolytes

Answer 23

Sodium Na
Potassium K
Calcium Ca
Bicarbonate HCO
Chloride Cl
Protein

Question 24

Electrolyte imbalances

Answer 24

Homeostasis of electrolytes-electrolyte balance related to intake and output for specific electrolytes
SODIUM IMBALANCE-(135-145hypernatrimia=headache, confusion
Hyponatremia-coma, death
CALCIUM IMBALANCE-(8.5-10.5)Hypercalcemia= muscle weakness, increased thirst
Hypocalcemia=muscle cram, muscle spasms
POTASSIUM IMBALANCE(3.5-5)-hyperkalemia=weakness,
Hypokalemia=cardiac arrest, cardiac dysrhythmias