FONS FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES

Question 1

Sodium 135-145

Answer 1

Sodium is most abundant electrolytes
Mostlyextracellilar
Sodium regulates fluid volume, muscular contraction a, (especially cardiac), nerve conduction, and acid base balance HYPUNATREMIA caused by committing, diarrhea, and excess H2O
EFFECTS fatigue headaches, postural hypotension
TX water restriction and sodium

Question 2

Hypernatremia

Answer 2

Caused by too much sodium/too little water EFFECTS dehydration of cells

Question 3

Potassium 3.5-5.0

Answer 3

Major intercellular cation. Imbalances can be life threatening
FUNCTIONS regulation of water and electrolytes within cells
Transmission of nerve impulses
skeletal muscule functioning
cardiac muscle function
Metabolism of carbs and proteins

Question 4

Hypokalemia

Answer 4

Kidneys do not conserve potassium
cause of deficit
Severe vomiting and gastric suctioning
Signs and symptoms are DECREASED REFLEXES, CONFUSION, decrease bowel sounds, leg cramps

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Answer 5

Less common than hypokalemia and more dangerous
cause of excess potassium, kidney disease, tissue damage, excessive intake of potassium, rich foods
salt substitute usually have potassium.
Treatment is to induce diarrhea with sodium polystyrene sulfonate.

Question 6

Chloride and balances 95 to 105 mEq/L

Answer 6

Usually bound to sodium/potassium
hypochloremia, vomiting, suction, infection, decreased respiration, tetany alkalosis

Question 7

Hyperchloremia

Answer 7

Rare can occur with acidosis

Question 8

Calcium 9-11 mg/dl

Answer 8

Found mainly in bones and teeth
remains inactive until serum levels are too low
calcitonin and parathyroid
hormone function, nerve impulses, muscular contractions, cell membrane thickness, activates chemical reactions in the body

Question 9

Calcium Imbalances

Answer 9

Hypocalcemia has numerous causes
effects are muscle spasms, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Cvostek or Trousseau signs
Parathesia(numbness pins and needles)

Question 10

Hypercalcemia

Answer 10

Caused by bone cancer, endocrine
effects are thirst, polyuria, and decrease muscle tone

Question 11

Phosphorus 2.5-4.5

Answer 11

Inverse relationship to calcium,
important component of bones and teeth, DNARNA cellular membranes
BUFFER FOR ACID BASE BALANCE
Nerve and muscle function, carbohydrate, metabolism, hyperphosphatemia, and hyper phosphatemia are rare

Question 12

Magnesium inbalances 1.5-2.5

Answer 12

Functions were recently discovered, help with enzyme, production and other electrolytes,
kidneys conserve, magnesium,
hypomagnesia effects are neuromuscular irritability, similar to hypocalcemia
Hypermagnesia is rare except with kidney disease

Question 13

Bicarbonate 22-24

Answer 13

Major function for acid base balance
Buffer instant mechanism to correct pH
Neutralizes acids
Selectively regulated by kidneys

Question 14

Nursing interventions for electrolyte and balances

Answer 14

Weigh patient daily vital signs, I/O, monitor lab, values, restrict, or encourage fluids, dietary changes, and administer medication

Question 15

(My own)Calcium, sodium, phosphorus

Answer 15

Nerve impulses, muscle function

Question 16

Complications of IV therapy

Answer 16

Infiltration indicates-solution in tissues Area swollen(puffy)
phlebitis-indicates inflammation of vein.
Septicemia (sepsis)-indicates blood infection.

Question 17

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload

Answer 17

Can be fatal

Observe for Dypsnea, rapid weak pulse, cough, disorientation,B/P changes,
CRACKLES, EDEMA, WEIGHT GAIN,DECREASE IN URINARY OUTPUT

Question 18

High risk for fluid overload

Answer 18

Children, critically ill, older adults

Question 19

Blood transfusion therapy

Answer 19

Patient receives their own blood
only RN initiates blood transfusion
risk of reactions usually within 15 minutes
remain with the patient

Question 20

Eye irrigation

Answer 20

Gentle washing, normal saline, plain water, especially in emergency situation, medication or antiseptics
purpose is to relieve inflammation, apply antiseptic, flush out exudates or irritants

Question 21

Ear irrigations

Answer 21

Cleanse external auditory canal of
excess cerumen, exudate from lesions , exudate from wounds
Slow gentle irrigation don’t occlude canal with syringe tip. Don’t try to flush out beans or vegetables
contraindications are beans/vegetables tympanic membrane, cold or infection.

Question 22

cations

Answer 22

Sodium, potassium, calcium magnesium

Question 23

Anions

Answer 23

Chloride bicarbonate, sulfate, hydrogen phosphate

Question 24

Acid base balance

Answer 24

Homeostasis of hydrogen ion,
concentration in body fluids, PHYSIOLOGIC BUFFERS are blood buffers (fastest), lungs, kidneys
BUFFERS work together and maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration

Question 25

Buffers

Answer 25

Question 26

LPN in PA

Answer 26

Question 27

A

Question 28

Calcium imbalances

Answer 28