Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

This group are all presumed to be neurologically based. These difficulties often persist through adulthood and are typically lifelong problems, not problems unique to children.

Answer 1

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 2

This primary characteristic of such people include a pattern of inattention, such as being disorganized or forgetful about school or work-related tasks, or hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Answer 2

Attention-Deficit or Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 3

People with this disorder have a great deal of sustaining their attention on a task or activity. As a result their tasks are often unfinished and they often seem not to be listening when someone else is speaking.

Answer 3

Attention-Deficit or Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 4

Acting apparently without thinking. It is a common complaint made about people with ADHD.

Answer 4

Impulsivity

Question 5

DSM-5 differentiates two categories of symptoms under ADHD:

Answer 5

Problems of inattention
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity

Question 6

This includes fidgeting, having trouble sitting for any length of time, always being on the go.

Answer 6

Hyperactivity

Question 7

This includes blurting out answers before questions have been completed and having trouble waiting turns.

Answer 7

Impulsivity

Question 8

It is characterized by performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education

Answer 8

Specific Learning Disorder

Question 9

It is a significant discrepancy between a person’s academic achievement and what would be expected for someone of the same age

Answer 9

Specific Learning Disorder

Question 10

Would be defined as a discrepancy of more than 2 standard deviations bet achievement and IQ

Answer 10

Specific Learning Disorder

Question 11

An alternative approach called _____ is now being used by many clinicians. It involves identifying a child as having a specific learning disorder when the response to a known effective intervention is significantly inferior to the performance by peers.

Answer 11

response to intervention

Question 12

It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects how one perceives and socializes with others

Answer 12

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 13

DSM-5 combined most of the disorders previously included under the umbrella term “____” (autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and childhood disintegrative disorder) and included them into one category.

Answer 13

pervasive developmental disorders

Question 14

a genetic condition that affects mostly females, is diagnosed as ASD with the qualifier “associated with Rett syndrome” or “associated with MeCP2 mutation” and the designation “not otherwise specified” which was applied to other disorders prior to DSM-5 was deleted.

Answer 14

Rett Disorder

Question 15

the gene involved in Rett syndrome

Answer 15

MeCP2 mutation

Question 16

is a new disorder to the DSM-5 that includes the difficulties in social communication seen in autism spectrum disorder but without the restricted, repetitive, patterns of behavior.

Answer 16

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Question 17

Two major characteristics of autism spectrum disorder

Answer 17

Impairments in social communication and social interaction
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

Question 18

To accommodate the range of difficulties in the two symptom clusters, DSM-5 introduced the three levels of severity in ASD:

Answer 18

Level 1 - Requiring support
Level 2 - Requiring substantial support
Level 3 - Requiring very substantial support

Question 19

Difficulties with social communication and interaction are further defined by the inclusion of three aspects:

Answer 19

Problems with social reciprocity
Nonverbal communication
Initiating and maintaining social relationships

Question 20

Some repeat the speech of others, a pattern called ____.

Answer 20

echolalia

Question 21

meaningless repetition of words just spoken by another person, occurring as a symptom of mental conditions.

Answer 21

echolalia

Question 22

The intense preference for the status quo

Answer 22

Maintenance of sameness

Question 23

It is a disorder evident in childhood as significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning

Answer 23

Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Development Disorder)

Question 24

DSM-5 identifies difficulties in three domains:

Answer 24

Conceptual
Social
Practical

Question 25

A disturbance in speech fluency that includes a number of problems with speech, such as repeating syllables or words, prolonging certain sounds, making obvious pauses, or substituting words to replace ones that are difficult to articulate

Answer 25

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

Question 26

Limited speech in all situations. Expressive language (what is said) is significantly below receptive language (what is understood); the latter is usually average

Answer 26

Language Disorder

Question 27

Difficulties with the social aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication. Does not have the restrictive and repetitive behaviors found in Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 27

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Question 28

Involuntary motor movements (tics) such as head twitching, or vocalizations such as grunts that often occur in rapid succession, come on suddenly, and happen in idiosyncratic or stereotyped ways

Answer 28

Tourette’s Disorder