module 2 reinforcement

Question 1

which is not a characteristic of a newborn infant?

Answer 1

• however, they have short, small nose
• mandible with no teeth
• lack of chin prominence
  *respond to GFs, Tfs, etc

Question 2

embryonic period

Answer 2

1) organogenetic period
2) week 3-8
3) most sensitive to teratogens
- see the diagrams

Question 3

development of the face

Answer 3

1) 4th week of gestation
- migration of neural crest cells combine with mesodermal cells => form facial primordia
- 64 upregulated genes of homeobox D9

Question 4

be familiar with some of the important genes involved in face development

Answer 4

:(

Question 5

almost all the tissue of the face and neck originate from ectoderm

Answer 5

1) yes, neural crestal cells
= skin, hair, and CNS

Question 6

bone maturation and dental age

Answer 6

1) dental age does not correlate well with chronologic age
2) it is better to use skeletal age

Question 7

how to work out skeletal aging

Answer 7

1) use the vertebrae
- lateral ceph
2) gold standard
- hand wrist xrays
a) atlases of age and gender and figure out how old
b) or look at pattern of ossification between phalanges
* very rarely see gold standard

Question 8

acute febrile illness

Answer 8

1) acute febrile illness leaves mark on the teeth forming at the time
- cells that lay down enamel and dentin are sensitive
- will lay it differently

2) growth of dentin and cementum stops during feverish episodes

*they are not related because crown and root do not influence each other

Question 9

what is the significance of a child “crossing the percentiles” downward

Answer 9

1) growth disturbance, perhaps a chronic illness or problem
- deviates to the right
- leads to height and weight retardation

2) short term illness causes fluctuations in GR but it bounces back

3) psychological stress affects growth

Question 10

cephalocaudal gradient of growth

Answer 10

1) the trunk and limbs grow faster than the head
- as fetus grows, they have exponential growth in limbs relative to the head

Question 11

when do lymphoid tissues reach maximum devleopment

Answer 11

1) age 9-12 (pre adolescence)

infancy 0-1
adolescence 10-19
post adolescence 18-19+

Question 12

scammons curves

Answer 12

1) will be on exam

Question 13

sexual differences in adolescent growth spurt (between males and females) are characterized by:

Answer 13

1) timing
- females are ahead
2) rate
- quicker in females
3) duration
- shorter in females

Question 14

major contributor to variability of growth

Answer 14

1) timing of adolescence
- the main contributor

Question 15

more space in pharyngeal area is provided during adolescent growth by

Answer 15

1) shrinkage of the tonsils and adenoids
2) forwards movement of the tongue as the mandible grows

Question 16

adolescent period of life is mediated by

Answer 16

1) sex hormones
2) controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary galnd