intro to cephs

Question 1

sella

Answer 1

1) geometric center of the pituitary fossa
- very important!
1) midline structure in cranial base (anchor point)

Question 2

nasion

Answer 2

1) anterior point of frontonasal suture in midsagittal plane
2) not necessarily the most concave part

Question 3

anterior nasal spine

Answer 3

1) anterior tip of the sharp bony process of the maxilla at the lower margin of the anterior nasal opening
2) do not confuse cartilage for ANS

Question 4

posterior nasal spine

Answer 4

1) posterior spine of the palatine bone constituting the hard palate
2) with ANS it can measure the angle of the upper jaw

Question 5

point A

Answer 5

1) also known as subspinale
2) most posterior midline point in the concavity between the ANS and the prosthion
3) where the upper jaw is

Question 6

point B

Answer 6

1) supramentale
2) posterior midline point in the concavity of the mandible between infradentale and pogonion

Question 7

pogonion

Answer 7

1) anterior point of the chin
2) cannot usually tell where the jaw is

Question 8

gnathion

Answer 8

1) midpoint between pogonion and inferior menton points of the bony chin
2) look at plane of lower jaw

Question 9

menton

Answer 9

1) lowest point on the symphyseal shadow of the mandible seen on a lateral ceph

Question 10

gonion

Answer 10

1) curvature of the angle of mandible located by bisecting the angle formed by lines tangent to the posterior ramus and the inferior border of the mandible
2) look at plane of lower jaw
3) may see a double border if there is asymmetry

Question 11

measurements

Answer 11

1) cranial base
2) sagittal
3) vertical
4) dentoalveolar
5) soft tissue
- compare to a norm and then determine cephalometric diagnosis
- depends on ethnicity

Question 12

S-N-Ar

Answer 12

1) flexure of cranial base which can affect A-P position of the jaws

Question 13

sagittal measurements

Answer 13

1) SNA
- upper jaw
- 82 degree
2) SNB
- lower jaw
- 80 degree
3) wits
-1 - 0 is normal
>0 is class II
<-1 is class III
4) angle of convexity
- N-A-Pog
- measures profile (straight, convex, concave)

Question 14

vertical measurements

Answer 14

1) S-N-Palatal plane (PP)
2) S-N-occlusal plane (OP)
3) S-N-Md plane (MP)
4) % LFH (ANS-Me/N-Me)
- all angular measurements except %LFH

Question 15

dentoalveolar measurements

Answer 15

1) U1-S-N
2) U1-N-A
3) L1-N-B
4) L1-MP
5) L1-A-Pog
6) interincisal angle
7) Pog-N-B

Question 16

soft tissue measurements

Answer 16

1) upper lip to e plane
2) lower lip to E plane
3) nasolabial angle
4) mentolabial angle

Question 17

why is this important

Answer 17

1) clinical presentation of initial treatment plan can change after evaluating the underlying skeletal and dental components
2) we have normal values for each measurement
- treatment plans are developed to attach values similar to norms
- orthodontics only or orthodontics and surgical treatment

Question 18

extraction or non extraction

Answer 18

1) protrusion of incisors can mean extraction even without crowding
- upper and lower first bicuspid
- take out teeth closest to the problem
2) when incisors are upright, you have more room to move teeth without making the patient look too full
- even with crowding
3) more crowding and more angling, needs to take out teeth
- first bucuspids
- not seeing much of central incisor root in pano, means flaring

Question 19

surgical case

Answer 19

1) which jaw to surgerize
- lower jaw back or upper jaw forward? decide with ceph