L3: joints Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two bones meet and movement may occur

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2
Q

In what two ways can joints be categorised

A

How much movement they allow, by structure and type of tissue that holds joint together

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3
Q

What 3 types of tissue can joints be held together by

A

Cartilage, fibre, lubricating fluid

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4
Q

How much movement do two joints held by cartilage have

A

Some movement

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5
Q

How much movement do two joints held by fibrous connected tissues or cartilage have

A

No movement, these are fixed joints

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6
Q

How much movement do joints held by lubricating fluid have and what are these joints called?

A

Freely moving, synovial joints

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7
Q

What are the names of the four types of joints called

A

Fixed, fibrous, hinge, ball and socket joints

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8
Q

How much movement is in a fixed joint

A

No movement between the bones that meet

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9
Q

Name two examples of a fixed joint

A

Adult skull, pelvis

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10
Q

How much movement does a fibrous joint have

A

Limited

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11
Q

What is a fibrous joint seperated by

A

Cartilage or fibrous connective tissues

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12
Q

Name an example of a fibrous joint

A

Veertebrae

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13
Q

How much movement does a ball and socket joint have

A

Can move in all directions

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14
Q

How much movement does a hinge joint have

A

Can only move in one direction

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15
Q

Name two examples of a ball and socket joint

A

Shoulders, hips

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16
Q

Name two examples of a hinge joint

A

Elbow, knee

17
Q

In synovial joints, what covers the bone and what is in-between the bones

A

End of bones covered with cartilage, synovial fluid in-between

18
Q

What does the cartilage and synovial fluid in synovial joint protect the bones from

A

Damage caused by friction (rubbing against eachother)

19
Q

What are ligaments

A

Elastic fibres that connect bone to bone

20
Q

What are tendons

A

Non elastic fibres that connect muscle to bone

21
Q

Why are ligaments elastic

A

So they can stretch to allow the bones to move (limited movement)

22
Q

What happens to a muscle as it contracts

A

It gets smaller

23
Q

What happens to the bone as the muscle contracts

A

It pulls the bone as they are attached by a tendon

24
Q

What are antagonistic muscles

A

Pairs of muscles that work together to move bones, one contracts, other relaxes

25
Q

Name two examples of antagonistic muscles

A

Quads and hamstrings, bicep and tricep

26
Q

What is the strongest arm muscles out of the forearms, biceps and triceps

A

Biceps