Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Positioning II > Skull Positoning > Flashcards

Skull Positoning Flashcards

1
Q

For a typical skull (mesocephalic) how do the petrous pyramids project?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 47-degree angle from midsagittal plane (MSP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For a Brachycephalic skull how does the petrous pyramids project?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 54-degree angle from MSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What skull morphology is Short from front to back, broad from side to side, and shallow from vertex to base

A

Brachycephalic skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what skull morphology is Long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex to base

A

Dolichocephalic skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For a Dolichocephalic skull
how do the petrous pyramids project ?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 40-degree angle from MSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name some landmarks of the skull:

A

Glabella
Inner canthus
Outer canthus
Nasion
Infraorbital margin
Acanthion
Gonion
Mental point
EAM
Auricular point
Top of ear attachment (TEA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is your glabella

A

in between eyebrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is your inner and outer canthus

A

corners of eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is your nasion

A

bridge of nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is your acanthion ?

A

right below nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is your Gonion

A

angle of your mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is your mental point

A

chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is your EAM

A

hole in your ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is your TEA (top of ear attachment)

A

where ear actually attches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Line from outer canthus to EAM

A

Orbitomeatal line (OML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

line from From infraorbital margin to EAM

A

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

line From glabella to EAM

A

Glabellomeatal line (GML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the difference between IOML and OML

A

7 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

line from From acanthion to EAM

A

Acanthiomeatal line (AML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Perpendicular line between pupils of eyes
(EAM to acanthion)

A

Interpupillary line (IPL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why do hyposthenic /asthenic patients usually need support to chest ?

A

To elevate cervical spine which helps prevent downward tilt of MSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why do hypersthenic patients require radiolucent support at the head

A

helps prevent upward tilt of MSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Essential projections of the Cranium:

A

Lateral
-Right and left lateral positions
-Dorsal decubitus position
Posteroanterior (PA)
PA axial (Caldwell method)
Anteroposterior (AP)
AP axial
AP axial (Towne method)
PA axial (Haas method)
Submentovertical (SMV)
-For cranial base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the MSP of the head in the lateral projection of the skull?

A

MSP of head parallel to image receptor (IR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how is the IPL in the lateral projection of the skull

A

IPL perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is the IOML in the lateral projection of the skull

A

IOML parallel to transverse axis of cassette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CR for lateral projection of the skull

A

Perpendicular to center of IR
Enters 2 inches (5 cm) superior to EAM

28
Q

what is in profile in the lateral skull

A

Sella Turcica

29
Q

CR for lateral projection (dorsal decubitus ) for the skull

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR
Enters 2 inches (5 cm) superior to EAM

30
Q

criteria for lateral projection of lateral skull

A

Entire cranium without rotation or tilt
Superimposed orbital roofs, mastoid region and EAM
Superimposed TMJs
Sella turcica in profile
No overlap of cervical spine by mandible

31
Q

patient position for PA projection of the skull

A

Seated erect or prone
MSP centered to midline
Forehead and nose resting on table or upright Bucky

32
Q

how is the OML for the PA projection of the skull

A

perp to the IR plane

33
Q

How is the MSP in the PA projection of the skull

A

MSP perpendicular to IR

34
Q

what is the IR centered to in the PA projection of the skull

A

nasion

35
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the PA skull

A

Petrous pyramids fill the orbits with 0 degree CR angulation

36
Q

CR for PA projection of the skull

A

Perpendicular
Exits nasion

37
Q

CR for the PA axial Skull (Caldwell)

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad
Exits nasion

38
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the PA Axial Skull (Caldwell)

A

Petrous pyramids lying in lower third of orbit with a caudal CR angulation of 15 degrees

39
Q

CR for AP Axial (skull)

A

Perpendicular or 15 degrees cephalad for AP axial projection
Enters nasion

40
Q

how is the MSP and OML for the AP/AP Axial projection?

A

MSP centered to midline
MSP and OML perpendicular to IR

41
Q

is the orbits more magnified in the PA skull or AP?

A

AP

42
Q

what is seen on the PA skull

A

posterior ethmoidal air cells
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
Crista galli
Frontal bone and sinuses
Dorsum sellae
Petous ridges filling the orbits

43
Q

what is seen on the pa axial skull

A

Anterior and side walls of cranium
Anterior ethmoidal air cells and frontal sinuses
Petous ridges in lower third of orbits

44
Q

what does the angel do to the petrous ridges in the PA axial?

A

Angle pushes petrous ridges down

45
Q

how is the MSP for AP Axial (Towne Method)

A

MSP centered to midline
MSP perpendicular

46
Q

how is the OML and IOML for the AP Axial (Twone Method)

A

OML or IOML perpendicular

47
Q

CR for AP Axial (Towne Method)

A

CR enters 2 ½ inches above glabella

48
Q

where is the IR center for the AP Axial (Towne Method)

A

IR center at or near foramen magnum

IR top border level with skull vertex

49
Q

CR for AP Axial Towne Method (OML)

A

Directed through foramen magnum

OML – 30 degrees caudal

50
Q

CR for AP Axial Towne Method (IOML)

A

Directed through foramen magnum

IOML – 37 degrees caudal

51
Q

What should be seen on the AP axial Townes

A

Occipital bone
Posterior portion of parietal bones
Petrous pyramids
Foramen Magnum
Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids within foramen magnum

52
Q

what is within the foramen magnum in the AP AXIAL TOWNES for skull

A

Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids within foramen magnum

53
Q

what is the best view for the parietal bone?

A

Lateral

54
Q

For trauma what degree would you use for the AP AXIAL Townes

A

Trauma use IOML at 37˚

55
Q

Patient position for PA Axial (HAAS method)

A

Prone or seated upright
MSP centered to midline
Shoulders in same horizontal plane
Forehead and nose on table

56
Q

how is the MSP and OML in the PA Axial (Haas Method)

A

MSP perpendicular
OML perpendicular to IR

57
Q

CR for the PA axial (Haas Method)

A

Directed cephalad at 25-degree angle to OML
Enters at a point 1½ inches (3.8 cm) below external occipital protuberance
Exits 1½ inches (3.8 cm) superior to nasion

58
Q

how is the MSP for the SMV

A

MSP centered to midline
MSP perpendicular to IR

59
Q

how is the IOML for the SMV

A

IOML parallel with IR

60
Q

CR for SMV

A

Through sella turcica perpendicular to IOML
Enters MSP of throat between angles of mandible
Passes through a point ¾ inch (1.9 cm) anterior to level of EAM
Center IR to CR

61
Q

What should be seen in SMV

A

Base of cranium demonstrating petrosal
Zygomatic arches
Bony nasal septum
Foramina ovale & spinosum, mastoids
Sphenoid & ethmoid sinuses
Mandible
Dens
Occipital bone

62
Q

criteria for SMV

A

Equal distance from lateral border of skull to mandibular condyles on both sides

Superimposition of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone

Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous pyramids

Symmetric petrosae

63
Q

What is the CR angle and direction for the PA axial (Caldwell) of the cranium?

A

15 degrees caudad

64
Q

Which baseline is positioned perpendicular to the IR on the lateral projection of the cranium?

A

Interpupillary

65
Q

If IOML is positioned perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection of the cranium, what is the CR orientation?

A

37 degrees

Positioning II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions