Unit 7 Part 2

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

Question 2

psychodynamic theories of personality

Answer 2

theories that view personality with a focus on unconscious & importance of childhood experiences

Question 3

psychoanalytical view of personality

Answer 3

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
techniques used talk therapy to treat disorders and expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 4

unconscious

Answer 4

Freud: reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories
contemporary: info processing of which we are unaware

Question 5

free associatin

Answer 5

psychoanalytical method of explaining unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial/embarassing

Question 6

id

Answer 6

reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual needs/aggressive needs. operates on pleasure principle, demanding instant gratification

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among demands of the id, superego and reality. operates n reality principle, satisfying id’s desires in realistic ways

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

part of personality that represents internalized ideas and provides standards for judgements (conscience) and future aspirations

Question 9

psychosexual stages

Answer 9

Freud’s childhood stages of development:
1. oral
2. anal
3. phallic
4. latency
5. genital

Question 10

identification

Answer 10

process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

Question 11

fixation

Answer 11

lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stages, in which conflicts were unresolved

Question 12

defense mechanism

Answer 12

ego’s protective m methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 13

repression

Answer 13

basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, mechanisms from conscious

Question 14

Alfred Adler

Answer 14

childhood inferiority –[strive]–> superiority, power
inferiority complex

Question 15

Karen Horney

Answer 15

childhood anxiety –[desire]–> love, security
opposed penis envy
Electra complex

Question 16

projective test

Answer 16

provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projections of one’s inner dynamics

Question 17

thematic appreciation test TAT

Answer 17

projective test where ppl express their inner feelings through stories they make up from ambiguous scenes

Question 18

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 18

set of 20 inkblots
seeks to identify inner feelings by analyzing interpretations of inkblots
aimed to diagnose mental disorders

Question 19

terror management

Answer 19

theory of death related anxiety
exlores emotional and behavioral responses to mentions of death

Question 20

humanistic theories of personality

Answer 20

theories that view personality with the focus of potential for healthy personal growth

Question 21

self actualization

Answer 21

MASLOW
one of ultimate psychological needs to fulfill one’s fullest potential

Question 22

self transcendence

Answer 22

Maslow
highest psychological need
striving for identity, meaning, purpose beyond self

Question 23

unconditional positive regard

Answer 23

caring, accepting, non judgemental attitude, which Carl Roger’s believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 24

traits

Answer 24

characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act a certain way as assessed by self report, inventories and peer reports

Question 25

personality inventory

Answer 25

questionnaire in which people respond to items designed to gauge a range of behaviors and assess personality

Question 26

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 26

developed to identify emotional disorders

Question 27

empirically derived

Answer 27

created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups

Question 28

Big Five Factors

Answer 28

Conscientiousness (organisation, care, discipline)
Agreeableness (kindness, trust, cooperation)
Neuroticism (emotional instability)
Openness
Extraversion

Question 29

reciprocal determinism

Answer 29

interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, environment
1. different people choose different environments which then shape them
2. our personality shapes how we interact with events
3. personalities create situations where we react

Question 30

self

Answer 30

assumed center of personality, organizer of thoughts, feelings, actions

Question 31

spotlight effect

Answer 31

overestimating others noticing and evaluating us

Question 32

self esteem

Answer 32

ones feelings of high or low self worth

Question 33

self efficacy

Answer 33

ones sense of competency and effectiveness

Question 34

self serving bias

Answer 34

readiness to perceive oneself favorably -> ppl take more responsibility for good deeds than bad and for successes than failures

Question 35

narcissism

Answer 35

excessive self love and self absorbtion

Question 36

individualism

Answer 36

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, defining one’s identity by personal attributres over group identifiers -> personal rights and liberties

Question 37

collectivism

Answer 37

giving priority to one’s group goals and defining one’s identity accordingly -> indepence, harmony, tradition