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chemistry > carboxylic acids and derivatives > Flashcards

carboxylic acids and derivatives Flashcards

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1
Q

oxidation of aldehyde to produce a carboxylic acid

A

h2so4 and k2cr2o7
heat under reflux

CH3CHO + [O] —> CH3COOH

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2
Q

full oxidation of a primary alcohol to produce a carboxylic acid

A

h2so4 and k2cr2o7
heat under reflux

CH3CH2OH + 2[O] —> CH3COOH + H2O

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3
Q

hydrolysis of a nitrile to produce a carboxylic acid

A

dilute HCL
heat under reflux

CH3CN + 2H2O + HCl —> CH3COOH + NH4Cl

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4
Q

hydrolysis of an amide

A

catalyst (eg HCl)
add water
produces carboxylic acid and ammonia

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5
Q

gringard reagent to produce a carboxylic acid

A

CO2 and dilute HCl

CH3CH2MgI + CO2 —> CH3CH2COOH + Mg(OH)I

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6
Q

test for carboxylic acid with a carbonate

A

add a small quantity of carbonate to sample

collect gas into a test pipette and bubble through a small volume of fresh lime water

gas evolved turns limewater cloudy

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7
Q

carboxylic acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen

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8
Q

carboxylic acid + alkali

A

salt + water

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9
Q

carboxylic acid + carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

why are carboxylic acids acidic but alcohols (that also contain OH) are not

A

when a proton is lost a pi bond is formed over the COO- group
the negative charge is delocalised between the 3 atoms
this stabilises the carboxylate ion
alcohols do not have this delocalisation so do not readily lose a proton

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11
Q

reducing carboxylic acids (to 1° alcohol)

A

reduction
reducing agent: LiAlH4
in dry ether
warm with dilute HCl (hydrolysis)

CH3COOH + 4[H] —> CH3CH2OH + H2O

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12
Q

test for a carboxylic acid with sulphuric acid, ethanol and Na2CO3

A

add 1cm3 ethanol
2 drops conc sulphuric acid
warm in water bath
tip onto saturated solution of Na2CO3
smell cautiously

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13
Q

formation of an acyl chloride

A

add PCl5 to a carboxylic acid
anhydrous conditions

—> R-COCl + POCl3 + HCl

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14
Q

what are carboxylic acids reduced to

A

alcohols

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15
Q

reduction of COOHs

A

LiAlH4
solution of dry ether
warming with dilute HCl

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16
Q

acyl chloride with water

A

room temperature
forms carboxylic acid

17
Q

acyl chloride and alcohol

A

room temperature, anhydrous conditions
produces ester + water

18
Q

acyl chloride + conc ammonia

A

room temperature, anhydrous conditions
produces amide + HCl

19
Q

acyl chloride + amine

A

room temperature, anhydrous conditions
produces amide + HCl

20
Q

properties of esters (4)

A

volatile
low boiling points
soluble in organic solvents
immiscible in water

21
Q

how to name esters (and draw)

A

alcohol group first (propyl,ethyl etc)
then parent acid (ethanoate, propanoate etc)

eg ethyl propanoate

drawn other way round, alcohol at the end

22
Q

give the name of HCOOC2H5

A

ethyl methanoate

23
Q

give the name of C2H5COOCH3

A

methyl propanoate

24
Q

how to form an ester from COOH and alcohol

A

warm under reflux
few drops of H2SO4 catalyst
reversible reaction

25
Q

how to form an ester from an alcohol and an acyl chloride

A

room temperature anhydrous conditions

26
Q

why is the formation of estes better with acyl chloride reaction than COOH reaction

A

goes to completion (not reversible)
doesn’t require heating

27
Q

define hydrolysis

A

chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds
involves splitting of a bond and the addition of hydrogen cation and hydroxide anion from water

28
Q

hydrolysis (of ester) with water reaction

A

dilute acid catalyst

produces carboxylic acid
and alcohol

29
Q

hydrolysis (of ester) with dilute alkali (eg NaOH) hydrolysis reaction

A

produces salt (eg sodium ethanoate)
and alcohol

30
Q

how to draw a condensation polymer

A

set out molecules in A B A B format
eliminate molecules of water between each end of each pair of molecules

chemistry (24 decks)

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