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Clinical Anatomy > Equine Head and Neck > Flashcards

Equine Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

when is a nagogastric intubation passed?

A

to drain horse GI contents
they cant vomit

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2
Q

where should the nasogastric tube go?

A

ventral to ventral nasal meatus
VENTRAL

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3
Q

why do you put a nasogastric tube ventral?

A

if not will hit ethmoid turbinates
like to bleed

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4
Q

what will bleed when you hit while passing a nagogastric tube?

A

ethmoid turbinates

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5
Q

what is located at this line in the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid turbinates

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6
Q

where is the sweet spot for a jugular venipuncture?

A

middle of the neck

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7
Q

what is significant about a jugular vein distal and proximal?

A

distal - jugular close to common carotid
proximal - omohyoideus muscle gets thicker

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8
Q

Describe Dental anatomy - tridan system

A
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9
Q

how many paranasal sinuses do horses have?

A

6

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10
Q

list the paranasal sinuses

A
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11
Q

what are the clinically relevant paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal and maxillary

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12
Q

where do ethmoid hematomas happens?

A

frontal sinuses

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13
Q

what can happen with ethmoid hematoma

A

mild, intermittent, unilateral epistaxis (bloody nose)

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14
Q

what is in the right picture? left picture normal

A

ethmoid hematoma

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15
Q

which side has the ethmoid hematoma?

A

right

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16
Q

what divides the maxillary sinuses?

A

osseous septa

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17
Q

what teeth communicate with the rostral compartment of the maxillary sinus?

A

109/209

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18
Q

what teeth communicate with the caudal compartment of the maxillary sinus?

A

110/210 & 111/211

19
Q

what can tooth root infections lead to?

A

secondary sinusitis

20
Q

what would be going where the red line is?

A

nasogastric tube

21
Q

what is the guttural pouch?

A

paired extensions of eustachian tubes
connects pharynx to middle ear

22
Q

what two structures does the guttural pouch connect?

A

pharynx to middle ear

23
Q

what are the theorized functions of the guttural pouch?

A

pressure equilibration across tympanic membrane, warming of inhaled air, resonating chamber for vocalization, floatation device, brain cooling

24
Q

what structure is where the red is?

A

guttural pouch

25
Q

what runs through the guttural pouch? major anatomical marker

A

stylohyoid bone

26
Q

what does the guttural pouch communicate with the pharynx through?

A

nasopharyngeal orifice of eustachian tube

27
Q

what are the structures?

A
28
Q

what important structures are in the guttural pouch?

A

external carotid artery
internal carotid artery
cranial nerves 9-12

29
Q

where does the external carotid artery lie in the guttural pouch?

A

along wall of lateral compartment

30
Q

where does the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves 9-12 lie in the guttural pouch?

A

fold of mucous membrane along caudal wall of medial compartment

31
Q

how are cranial nerves affected if the guttural pouch is compromised?

A

CN 9 - dysphagia
CN 10 - facial paralysis
CN 11 - spinal accessory
CN 12 - dysphagia

32
Q

label each arrow

A
33
Q

what is guttural pouch mycosis?

A

fungal infection in guttural pouch

34
Q

what species are found in guttural pouch mycosis?

A

aspergillus species

35
Q

Is guttural pouch mycosis usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral

36
Q

what is the diphtheritic membrane composed of in a guttural pouch mycosis?

A

necrotic tissues
cellular debris
bacteria & fungal mycelia

37
Q

what happens when the fungal plaque from guttural pouch mycosis erodes through the carotid artery?

A

severe, often fatal bilateral epistaxis

38
Q

label the image

A
39
Q

what is laryngeal hemiplegia?

A

paralysis of half the larynx

40
Q

what is damaged in laryngeal hemiplegia?

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve
cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle paralyzed

41
Q

what sinus is each color?

A
42
Q

where does the maxillary sinus drain to?

A

middle meatus

43
Q
A

Clinical Anatomy (11 decks)

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