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hsc pdhpe > option 3; sports medicine > Flashcards

option 3; sports medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to classify sports injuries?

A
  1. Direct or Indirect
  2. Soft or Hard tissue
  3. Overuse
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2
Q

What makes an injury direct?

A

Caused by an external force applied to the body
e.g. thigh contusion

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3
Q

What makes an injury indirect?

A

Caused by an internal force and results from excess stress on the muscle
e.g. hamstring tear

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4
Q

What type of injuries are soft tissue?

A

Injury relating to everything in the body apart from bones and teeth.

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5
Q

What are the different types of soft tissue injuries?

A

-Tears
-Sprains
-Contusion
-Skin Abrasions
-Lacerations
-Blisters

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6
Q

What is the difference between a tear and a sprain?

A

Tears are from stretching or tearing a muscle or tendon whereas, sprains are from stretching or tearing a ligament such as a rolled ankle.

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7
Q

What is a contusion?

A

Sudden blow to the body, such as a bruise.

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8
Q

Do all soft tissue injuries get managed the same way?

A

No, injuries to the skin have their own specific types of management.

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9
Q

What is a skin abrasion?

A

Injury caused by scraps and grazes
e.g. falling while running on asphalt.

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10
Q

How do you treat skin abrasions?

A
  1. Gently cleanse and sterilise the wound to prevent infection.
  2. Apply appropriate dressing
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11
Q

What is a laceration?

A

Injuries that occur when sharp objects slice through the skin.

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12
Q

How do you treat a laceration?

A
  1. Clean the area thoroughly with antiseptic soap
  2. Once dried, apply a sterile gauze pad
    *If lacerations are longer than 1cm, you must be refer to a doctor for possible stitches
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13
Q

What are blisters?

A

Injuries caused by a collection of fluid below or within the epidermal layer of skin, giving rise to intense pain.

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14
Q

How do you treat blisters?

A
  1. 24 hour rest
  2. If blister still prevails and is causing concern, it may need to be surgically released and a donut pad to be applied.
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15
Q

What is inflammatory response?

A

After a soft tissue injury, the body responds by increasing fluid around the area and around the joint (swelling). This reduces range of motion which may act as a protective function, however pain may be more intense.
*last up to 5 days

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16
Q

How do you manage non-skin soft tissue injuries?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Referral

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17
Q

Why should you Rest?

A

Prevents further injury and decreases blood flow around the body.

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18
Q

How do you Rest?

A

Stop activity and place injured area in a comfortable position.

19
Q

How long do you rest for?

A

Until beginning a program of careful mobilisation.

20
Q

Why do you use Ice?

A

Vasoconstriction from the ice removes excess fluid and waste material, allowing fresh blood to flow when it warms up.
This;
- Decreases pain
- Promotes faster recovery
- Reduces scar tissue.

21
Q

Why may Ice be bad for recovery?

A

In recent years researchers have become critical of using Ice for injuries as Ice can slow down the recovery process, restricting blood and fluids to help recovery the injury.

22
Q

How do you use Ice?

A
  • Crushed ice in a wet towel and wrap around the injury
  • Frozen gel packs using a towel as an insulator
23
Q

How long do you apply ice for?

A

20 minutes every hour for up to 4 days in required.

24
Q

Why do you use compression?

A
  • Decreases bleeding
  • Reduces swelling
  • Provides support to unstable joints
25
Q

How do you compress a soft tissue injury?

A

Wrap an elastic bandage over the injured area covering both above and below the injury.

26
Q

How long do you compress the soft tissue injury?

A

At the time of the injury.

27
Q

Why do you elevate the injury?

A
  • Reduces swelling and inflammation
  • Removes waste products from the area
28
Q

How do you elevate the injury?

A

Raise the injured area above the level of the heart if possible to assist the return of bodily fluids back to the heart.

29
Q

How long do you elevate the injury?

A

Whenever possible during the day and for the following two or three nights.

30
Q

Why do you seek referral?

A

To understand the nature and extent of the injury in order to seek guidance.

31
Q

How do you get referral?

A

Appointment with a doctor or physiotherapist

32
Q

When do you seek referral?

A

As soon as possible following the injury.

33
Q

What types of injuries are hard tissue?

A

Injuries relating to bones, teeth or dislocations

34
Q

What are the types of fractures?

A
  • Simple (closed) fractures
  • Compound (open) fractures
  • Hairline
  • Green stick
  • Complicated
35
Q

What are simple fractures?

A

When the bone breaks but remains under the skin

36
Q

What are compound fractures?

A

When the bone breaks and protrudes through the skin

37
Q

What are hairline fractures?

A

Microscopic fractures which may go undetected until further damage by continued impact.
*X-rays are typically needed and are due to overuse

38
Q

What are greenstick fractures?

A

Partial fracture where the bone is not completely cracked

39
Q

What are complicated fractures?

A

A compound fracture that causes damage to surrounding organs

40
Q

How do you manage fractures?

A
  • Rest and IMMOBILIZE to prevent further injury
  • Control bleeding
  • Treat shock
  • Use a splint and bandage
  • Immediate medical assistance
41
Q

What are dislocations?

A

When the bones of a joint are forced out of place, mainly through direct causes.
Often the bones are not damaged but there is significant damage to surrounding ligaments and tendons

42
Q

What are features of a dislocation?

A
  • Loss of function
  • Deforming
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Bone may ‘pop out’ and quickly return to place, which is known as subluxation
43
Q

How do you manage disocations?

A
  • Secure with a splint to fully IMMOBILIZE the injury
  • Ice, elevation and support using a bandage
  • Immediate medical attention
  • DO NOT try and fix/correct the injury yourself
    *Only qualified medical practitioners should relocate a dislocated joint.

hsc pdhpe (28 decks)

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