Exam 4

Question 1

nonautonomes is another term for

Answer 1

sex chromosomes

Question 2

sex chromosomes is a pair containing

Answer 2

one maternal (X) and one paternal (X or Y)

Question 3

meiosis produces

Answer 3

haploid gametes

Question 4

sex

Answer 4

refers to the sexual phenotype of an individual organism

Question 5

chromosomal sex determining systems

Answer 5

XY- us and fruit flies
ZW- birds and other animals
XO- some insects

Question 6

homogametic

Answer 6

-same chromosomes (XX)
-females in XY system

Question 7

hererogametic

Answer 7

-diff chromosomes (XY)
-males in XY system

Question 8

SRY gene determines

Answer 8

-maleness

Question 9

SRY gene is located

Answer 9

Y chromosome

Question 10

PAR:

Answer 10

pseudoautosomal region
-used during recombination

Question 11

Nondisjunction

Answer 11

when chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis

Question 12

Turner syndrome

Answer 12

-affects females
-have only single X chromosome
-problems in M2

Question 13

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 13

-affects males
-additional X or Y
-problems in M1

Question 14

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Answer 14

-discovered single male with white eyes which was linked to a X chromosome

Question 15

crossing over occurs in

Answer 15

Prophase 1

Question 16

crossing over

Answer 16

-genetic exchange between non-sister chromatids

Question 17

unequal crossing over results in

Answer 17

deletions and duplications

Question 18

Evolution

Answer 18

changes in allele frequencies over time

Question 19

Darwin established the idea of a

Answer 19

common ancestor

Question 20

mendellian population

Answer 20

-group of interbreeding, sexually reproducing individuals that have a common set of genes
-gene pool

Question 21

genetic variation

Answer 21

all allelic variation in gene pool

Question 22

best allele for survivability will slowly become

Answer 22

the most common because it is best adapted for the environment

Question 23

anagenesis

Answer 23

the length of time evolution takes in a species on a tree

Question 24

cladogenesis

Answer 24

the splitting of one lineage into two

Question 25

speciation

Answer 25

process of new species arising

Question 26

allopatric speciation

Answer 26

-a physical barrier splitting one population and blocking genetic flow
-creates 2 separate species over time

Question 27

rates in molecular evolution are measured in

Answer 27

nucleotide substitution or the number of substitutions that take place /site/year

Question 28

directional selection

Answer 28

extreme phenotype is favored over the other

Question 29

overdominance effect

Answer 29

heterozygous has greater advantage than either homozygote

Question 30

underdominance effect

Answer 30

heterozygous as inferior fitness to either homozygous

Question 31

genetic rescue

Answer 31

a process that increases a populations fitness by introducing new genetic variation

Question 32

genetic drift

Answer 32

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance