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Audiology for SLPs > Audiological Diagnoses, Etiologies, and Treatment Considerations > Flashcards

Audiological Diagnoses, Etiologies, and Treatment Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

diagnoses and etiologies of the outer ear

A
  • conductive HL
  • otoscopy and visual inspection of the ear
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2
Q

otoscopy and visual inspection of the ear

A
  • microtia and atresia
  • collapsed EAC
  • impacted cerumen
  • foreign bodies
  • otitis media
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3
Q

outer ear anomalies

A
  • anotia
  • microtia
  • atresia of external auditory canal
  • collapsed external auditory canal
  • stenosis of external auditory canal
  • impacted cerumen
  • foreign bodies
  • otitis externa
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4
Q

anotia

A

missing auricle/pinna

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5
Q

microtia

A

abnormally small or malformed pinna

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6
Q

atresia of external auditory canal

A

congenital absence of either cartilaginous or bony portion of the EAC

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7
Q

collapsed external auditory canal

A

cartilage of softened or weak

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8
Q

stenosis of external auditory canal

A

narrowing or obstruction of EAC

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9
Q

impacted cerumen

A

ear wax obstructing ear canal

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10
Q

otitis externa

A

outer ear infection (swimmer’s ear)

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11
Q

perichondrial hematoma

A
  • due to trauma
  • blood or fluid build up
  • “cauliflower ear”
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12
Q

diagnoses and etiologies of the middle ear

A
  • conductive HL
  • tympanometry
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13
Q

tympanometry

A
  • perforated tympanic membrane
  • tympanosclerosis
  • eustachian tube dysfunction
  • otitis media
  • cholesteatoma
  • otosclerosis
  • ossicular disruption/discontinuity
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14
Q

perforated tympanic membrane

A

hole in the membrane due to excessive pressure or trauma

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15
Q

tympanosclerosis

A
  • thickening or scarring of the tympanic membrane due to recurrent ear infections
  • consists of calcium deposits
  • does not respond well to medical or surgical treatment
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16
Q

otitis media

A

middle ear inflammation or infection

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17
Q

otitis media with with effusion (fluid)

A

serous or supprative

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18
Q

serous

A

non infected

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19
Q

supprative

A

pus or discharge

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20
Q

otorrhea

A

ear discharge

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21
Q

cholesteatoma

A
  • ossicular discontinuity/malformation
  • otosclerosis
22
Q

ossicular discontinuity/malformation

A
  • break or malformation in the ossicular chain due to disease or trauma
  • can be surgically repaired using a prosthetic or cadaver ossicle
23
Q

otosclerosis

A
  • disease growth around the footplate of the stapes
  • stapes becomes fixed into the oval window
  • genetic-linked disease and osteogenesis
24
Q

otosclerosis audiogram

A

carhart’s notch

25
Q

carhart’s notch

A

distinctive drop in bone conduction threshold at 2000 Hz

26
Q

diagnoses and etiologies of the inne ear

A
  • sensorineural HL
  • behavioral and physiological tests
27
Q

inner ear: behavioral and physiological tests

A
  • noise-induced
  • ototoxicity
  • trauma
  • Meniere’s disease
  • presbycusis
  • autoimmune inner ear disease
28
Q

noise-induced HL

A
  • hearing damage occurs in the basal portion of the cochlea
  • hair cells are damaged or lost due to intensity of a sound
29
Q

hair cells are damaged or lost due to intensity of a sound

A
  • can be a sudden impulsive sound
  • can be gradual damage of intense sounds over time
30
Q

acoustic notch resulted from NIHL

A

noticeable drop in hearing threshold at 4000 Hz

31
Q

top 2 noisiest toys 2021

A
  1. DJ mix and spin studio by Hape (107.8 dB)
  2. Disney’s Moana squeeze and scream HeiHei by JAKKS (109.7 dB)
32
Q

how do you know if noise is too loud?

A
  • you must raise your voice to be heard
  • you can’t hear or understand someone 3 feet away from you
  • speech around you sounds muffled or dull after you leave the noisy area
  • you have pain or ringing in your ears after you hear the noise, called tinnitus
33
Q

how long can tinnitus last?

A

it can last for a few minutes or a few days

34
Q

protect your hearing

A
  • avoid loud noise when possible
  • wear hearing protection
  • do not listen to loud sounds too long
  • lower the volume
  • be a good consumer
35
Q

earplugs

A

15-30 dB reduction

36
Q

earmuffs

A

15-30 dB reduction

37
Q

earplugs and earmuffs

A

even more than 30 dB reduction

38
Q

loud noise: 70 dB A

A

safe number

39
Q

louse noise: 90 dB A

A
  • 8 hours
  • every 5 dB rise, cut the listening time in half
  • 95 dB A = 4 hours
40
Q

ototoxicity

A
  • drugs and chemicals that are toxic to the hearing or vestibular portion of the inner ear
  • can cause hearing loss or balance problems (mycins)
  • chemotherapy drugs
  • higher frequencies are affected first
  • ultra high hearing testing monitored while a patient is on a known ototoxic drug
41
Q

trauma

A
  • secondary to a skull fracture
  • TBI
  • explosive blast
  • CVA
42
Q

Meniere’s disease

A
  • disease that causes unilateral low frequency HL, tinnitus, dizziness, and nausea
  • endolymphatic hydrops
43
Q

endolymphatic hydrops

A

over secretion or under absorption of endolymph in the labyrinth

44
Q

presbycusis definition

A

hearing loss due to aging

45
Q

presbycusis information

A
  • general oxygen deficiency caused by arteriosclerosis
  • audiogram will show hearing loss in the higher frequencies
46
Q

HL loss typically occurs in the ___ frequencies because of tonotopic organization

A

higher

47
Q

diagnoses and etiologies of the 8th cranial nerve

A
  • acoustic neuroma
  • neurofibromatosis type 2
48
Q

acoustic neuroma

A
  • vestibular schwannoma
  • non-cancerous tumors
  • slow progression
  • unilateral
49
Q

neurofibromatosis type 2

A

commonly see tumors around 8th cranial nerve too

50
Q

diagnoses and etiologies, site of lesion non-specified

A
  • viral (CMV, herpes simplex, rubella)
  • genetically linked
  • syndromes
  • auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)
51
Q

auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)

A
  • person has present OAEs but absent ABR
  • relatively newly defined syndrome

Audiology for SLPs (12 decks)

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