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Patient Assessment > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is used as an assessment for the newborn immediately after birth?

A

Apgar Score

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2
Q

What time increments would you score each newborn after birth?

A

1 min and 5 min

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3
Q

If baby was crying vigorously, sneezing, or coughing, what Apgar score would be assigned?

A

2

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4
Q

If baby has pink body and blue extremities, what Apgar score would

A

1

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5
Q

Postterm infants are at risk of perinatal mortality or morbidity such as______&_________?

A

asphyxia and meconium aspiration

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6
Q

If baby’s muscle tone is flaccid, what Apgar score would be assigned?

A

0

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7
Q

What is a common complication among LGA (large for gestational age) newborns?

A

hypoglycemia

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8
Q

What type of infants are more prone to respiratory distress syndrome, apnea, PDA, and infection?

A

Preterm AGA (appropriate for gestational age) infants

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9
Q

What type of infants are more likely to experience asphyxia, hypoglycemia, and hypoglycemia?

A

Preterm SGA (small for gestational age) infants

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10
Q

What type of babies have knees flexed and hips flexed in utero?

A

breech babies (meaning buttock first)

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11
Q

What type of babies have their knees extended and hips flexed in utero?

A

frank breech baby

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12
Q

If you cannot distract the infant or make the awake infant attend to an object, your face, or a sound what problem would you consider?

A

visual or hearing deficit

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13
Q

An infant or toddler who has developmental skills that plateau or are out of sequence may have what conditions? (2)

A

Autism or cerebral palsy

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14
Q

How many deviations beyond the standard for age are indicated for more detailed evaluation of an child?

A

beyond TWO standards (or above the 95th percentile or below the 5th percentile

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15
Q

A common cause of an apparent deviation in somatic growth is______?

A

measurement error (attributed to the challenge of measuring a squirming infant or child)

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16
Q

Abnormalities that can cause deviation from normal growth patterns are_____ &_______.

A

Down syndrome & prematurity

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17
Q

____________ is a shown drop in height percentile on a growth curve that may signify a chronic condition.

A

Reduced growth velocity

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18
Q

____________ is inadequate weight gain for age.

A

Failure to thrive

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19
Q

A small infant head size may result from _____________ or __________.

A

premature closure of the sutures or microcephaly

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20
Q

What is an abnormally large head called?

A

macrocephaly

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21
Q

______is when an infant has a large head that is a benign familial condition.

A

Familial megaloencephaly

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22
Q

Central cyanosis in a baby or child of any age should raise suspicion of_______.

A

Congenital heart disease

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23
Q

Pigmented light-brown lesions are______.

A

Cafe au lait spots

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24
Q

Multiple lesions with smooth borders may suggest_______.

A

Neurofibromatosis

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25
Q

Skin desquamation is rarely a sign of ________or________.

A

placental circulatory insufficiency or congenital icthyosis

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26
Q

Midline hair tufts over the lumbosacral spine region suggest a possible ___________.

A

Spinal cord defect

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27
Q

Jaundice within the first 24 hours of birth may be from _______.

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

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28
Q

Late-appearing jaundice that persists beyond 2-3 wks should raise suspicions of what diseases?

A

biliary obstruction or liver disease

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29
Q

What is a common source of jaundice during the first couple of weeks is_____?

A

breastfeeding (it normally resolves)

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30
Q

Unilateral dark, purplish lesion or “port wine stain” over the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve is a sign of what syndrome?

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

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31
Q

Significant edema of the hands and feet of a newborn girl may be suggestive of what syndrome?

A

Turner’s syndrome

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32
Q

A common type of localized swelling of the scalp on an infant is_________.

A

cephalohematoma

33
Q

Is a type of pathology from injury to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at birth or lack of stimulation of the infant

A

Plagiocephaly

34
Q

Premature closure of cranial sutures causes what?

A

Craniosynostosis

35
Q

What cause a narrow head from lack of growth of parietal bones in a child.

A

Sagittal suture synostosis

36
Q

An infant with what kind of condition may have coarse facial features and other abnormal facies.

A

congenital hyperthyroidism

37
Q

A child with up slanting palpebral fissures has what condition?

A

Down syndrome

38
Q

A child with down slanting palpebral fissures has what condition?

A

Noonan’s syndrome

39
Q

A child with short palpebral fissures has what condition?

A

fetal alcohol effects

40
Q

What is the Chvostek’s sign in assessing the infant?

A

percussing the cheek just below the zygomatic bone in front of the ear using the tip of your index or middle finger; a positive sign produces facial grimacing caused by repeated contractions of the facial muscles

41
Q

Alternating convergent or divergent strabismus persisting beyond 3 months indicates what?

A

ocular motor weakness

42
Q

What is it called when there is a ring of white specks in the iris that strongly suggests Down Syndrome?

A

Brushfield’s spots

43
Q

Persistent ocular discharge and tearing since birth may indicate what conditions?

A

Dacryocystitis

44
Q

A small skin tab, cleft, or pit found just forward of the tragus represents a remnant of what?

A

the first branchial cleft (has clinical significance)

45
Q

In the absence of universal hearing screening, many children with hearing deficits are not diagnosed until what age?

A

2 yrs old

46
Q

The nasal passages in newborns are obstructed in what?

A

choanal atresia

47
Q

Macroglossia that is associated with hypoglycemia and omphalocele is most likely diagnosed as what syndrome in infants?

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

48
Q

What kind of cysts in infants appear as small dimples or openings anterior to the mid portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Branchial cleft cysts

49
Q

What kind of cysts in infants are common, pinhole-size pits, usually anterior to the helix of the ear?

A

Preauricular cysts

50
Q

What kind of cysts in infants are at the midline of the neck, just above the thyroid cartilage? These are small, firm, mobile masses that move upward with tongue protrusion.

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

51
Q

What is the formal name of a “wry neck” in infants and what is the cause.

A

Congenital torticollis; from bleeding into the sternocleidomastoid muscle

52
Q

what kind of chest wall abnormality is called the “chicken breast deformity”

A

pectus carinatum

53
Q

What is another name for “funnel chest”

A

pectus excavatum

54
Q

Airway obstruction or lower respiratory tract disease in infants can result in what sign?

A

Hoover sign, also called paradoxical (seesaw) breathing which involves the abdomen moving outward when the chest moves inward during inspiration

55
Q

Wheezes in infants occur commonly with what two conditions?

A

Asthma or bronchiolitis

56
Q

Crackles (rales) can be heard with what two conditions?

A

pneumonia and bronchiolitis

57
Q

Tachypnea, tachycardia, and hepatomegaly in infants suggest which condition?

A

heart failure

58
Q

A diffuse bulge outward of the left side of the chest suggests what long standing condition?

A

cardiomegaly

59
Q

The absence or diminution of femoral pulses in an infant are indicative of what condition?

A

coarctation of the aorta

60
Q

What two conditions can cause full pulses in infants feet?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus or truncus arteriosus

61
Q

What condition is associated with hyper dynamic precordium and bounding distal pulses?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

62
Q

Distant heart tones suggest what condition in infants?

A

pericardial effusion

63
Q

Heart sounds that sound mushy and less distinct are suggestive of what condition?

A

myocardial dysfunction

64
Q

A louder than normal pulmonic component that is louder than the aortic sound is indicative of what infant condition?

A

pulmonary HTN

65
Q

A pulmonary flow murmur in the newborn is pathologic for what three different syndromes?

A

Williams syndrome, congenital rubella syndrome, and Alagille syndrome

66
Q

What is the term for breast development in infancy that occurs between 6 months and 2 years?

A

premature thelarche

67
Q

What is the “silk sign”

A

thickened spermatic cord

68
Q

What is a common cause of blood in the stool of infants?

A

Anal fissures;

69
Q

With infantile developmental dysplasia of the hip, you feel a “clunk” as the femoral head, which lies posterior to the acetabulum, enters the acetabulum. A palpable movement of the femoral head back into place constitutes what positive sign?

A

Ortolani sign

70
Q

If you feel the infantile head of the femur slipping out onto the posterior lip of the acetabulum, this constitutes what positive sign?

A

Barlow sign

71
Q

Severe bowing of the knees can be normal but also be due to what two conditions?

A

rickets or Blount disease

72
Q

Pathologic tibial torsion occurs only in association with what?

A

deformities of the feet or hips

73
Q

The most common severe congenital foot deformity is what?

A

talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)

74
Q

Subtle neonatal behaviors such as fine tremors, irritability, and poor self-regulation may indicate what?

A

Withdraw from nicotine (if the mother smoked during pregnancy)

75
Q

Newborns with __________often lie in a frog-leg position with arms flexed and hands near the ears.

A

hypotonia

76
Q

Dysphagia in infants can occasionally be due to injury to what cranial nerves?

A

CN IX-XII

77
Q

What syndrome results from the use of opioids by the mother while pregnant.

A

Neonatal abstinence syndrome

78
Q

Persistence of what infant reflex beyond 4 months suggests pyramidal tract dysfunction?

A

Palmar Grasp Reflex

79
Q

Persistence of what infant reflex beyond 8 months suggests pyramidal tract dysfunction?

A

Plantar Grasp Reflex

Patient Assessment (18 decks)

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