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2nd Year 2nd Term > MT6313 UNIT 11-12 > Flashcards

MT6313 UNIT 11-12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Main Areas of Applied Health Ethics?

A
  • Free and Informed Consent
  • Issues at the Beginning of Life
  • Helping the Suffering
  • Death
  • Relating to other Health Care Givers
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2
Q

What does Free and Informed Consent protect?

A

patient’s integrity

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3
Q

T or F: Informed consent has charge

A

F

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4
Q

When is Free and Informed Consent given?

A

Before collecting body fluids from a patient

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5
Q

Can Free and Informed Consent be vocally expressed?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Documentation that gives interpretation that the patient is willing to undergo the medical procedure

A

Free and Informed Consent

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7
Q

What does Free and Informed Consent recognize?

A

The person’s responsibility for his/her own body

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8
Q

What does Free and Informed Consent enhance?

A

patient’s active role in caring for his own health

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9
Q

Purpose of Informed Consent?

A
  • Protective: Safeguards against intrusion of integrity
  • Participative: Allows for patient’s involvement in decision-making
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10
Q

What are the Elements of Informed Consent?

A
  • Patient Comprehension
  • Patient’s Consent
  • Knowledge
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11
Q

Knowledge includes the disclosure of all information to the patient by the healthcare giver. This includes?

A
  • truth and nature of the proposed action
  • probable benefits and risks
  • All information relevant to meaningful decision-making processes
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12
Q

To let the patient have comprehension of the information, it must be given how?

A

in a manner that is easily understood
use of familiar language and suitable information
must enable the patient to truly appreciate the information

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13
Q

_____ includes the decision/s made based on sound reasons

A

Patient’s Consent

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14
Q

Patient’s Consent includes the absence of undue pressure such as?

A
  • time constraint
  • persuasion, threat, coercion
  • deception, manipulation
  • fear
  • other forms of control
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15
Q

If the patient cannot give informed consent, who can provide consent in their place?

A
  • patient’s nearest of kin
  • patient’s guardian
  • patient’s representative
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16
Q

Many religious authorities claim that life
begins at the moment of?

A

conception

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17
Q

What starts the from the time of conception?

A

sacredness of life

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18
Q

A child must be borne out of?

A

a conjugal union between husband and wife

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19
Q

T or F: Caring for a pregnant patient is challenging

A

T

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20
Q

Treating the mother is equivalent to?

A

Treating the child in her womb

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21
Q

T or F: Treating the child in the mother’s womb is treating the mother.

A

T

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22
Q

Health and welfare of who should be taken into consideration?

A

Both child and mother

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23
Q

Life is a _____ that has to be ________

A

a gift which has to be protected

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24
Q

T or F: Life cannot be sustained forever

A

T

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25
Q

T or F: Health care providers find difficulties managing the dying patient and accepting death

A

T

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26
Q

Health care providers should learn how to accept ____ and help patients and relatives accept _______.

A

death
end of life

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27
Q

At the end of life, health care providers should be able to?

A
  • communicate compassionately with dying patients
  • use technology prudently
  • recognize and accept medical futility
  • avoid disproportionate means to maintain life at all cost
  • relieve pain effectively
  • give physical, psychological , mental, moral, and emotional support to dying patient
  • provide palliative or comfort care
  • minimize patient’s symptoms
  • maximize interaction with others
  • serve as the patient’s companion
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28
Q

A health care provider must understand that suffering is?

A
  • inevitable
  • is more complex; more than physical pain or sickness
  • deeply rooted in humanity
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29
Q

In a suffering patient, a healthcare provider must?

A
  • empathize with the patient’s sufferings
  • make suffering meaningful
  • enable the patient to see that suffering has
    supernatural benefits
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30
Q

In the context of Health Professional Relationships, humans are what kind of beings?

A

social beings

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31
Q

What kind of relationships remain at the core of our social system?

A

Interpersonal and professional relationships

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32
Q

Health professional relationships also includes the _____ interaction between and among ___________ in the health care setting

A

Reciprocal interaction
professionals

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33
Q

What are the Purposes of Health Professional Relationships?

A
  • Professional growth and development
  • Sense of security
  • Source of belongingness, enjoyment, and fulfillment
  • Context for understanding one’s profession
  • Addressing interpersonal needs
  • Establishing personal identity
  • Building mutual understanding and cooperation
  • Improving decision-making
  • Understanding self
  • Fostering trust and cooperation
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34
Q

Health Professional Relationships has what kinds of mutualities?

A
  • Responsibility
  • Support
  • Respect
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35
Q

MUTUAL WHAT: Each one doing his best and helping others do their best

A

responsibility

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36
Q

MUTUAL WHAT: Each one providing support and helping one another

A

support

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37
Q

MUTUAL WHAT: Each one showing appreciation and accepting each other

A

respect

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38
Q

In Health Professional Relationships, Health Care Professionals must?

A
  • work to uplift the standards of his profession
  • work towards the creation of a safe environment
  • implement a just health care program
  • work to discover truth through research
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39
Q

What involves ethics, morals, and standards of behavior?

A

Professional Conduct and Professional Ethics

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40
Q

Professional Conduct and Professional Ethics also includes?

A
  • Ethical behavior
  • Good professional conduct
  • All standards of behavior in one’s personal life and in the workplace
  • Values and guiding principles established by organizations
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41
Q

Professional code of conduct serves as a guide for professionals in performing their job functions based on what kind of principles?

A

sound moral and ethical principles

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42
Q

What are the benefits of Professional Code of Conduct?

A
  • Build confidence in the profession’s trustworthiness
  • Provide greater transparency and certainty about how client’s affairs will be handled
  • Provide a supporting framework to the members of the profession to resist pressure of acting inappropriately and making acceptable decisions
  • Provide a common understanding of acceptable practice which builds collegiality and allows for fairer disciplinary procedures within the profession
  • The profession will be seen to be more reliable
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43
Q

What are the General Principles of Professional Conduct (by the Professional Regulation Commission)?

A
  1. Service to others
  2. Integrity and Objectivity
  3. Professional Competence
  4. Solidarity and Teamwork
  5. Social and Civic Responsibility
  6. Global Competitiveness
  7. Equality of All Professions
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44
Q

In the principle of serving others, what needs to be protected?

A
  • life, property, public welfare
  • heroic sacrifice
  • genuine selflessness
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45
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Practice honesty and reliability at all times

A

Integrity and Objectivity

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46
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Being free from conflicts of interest

A

Integrity and Objectivity

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47
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Knowledge, technical skills, attitude, and experience; Keep up with new knowledge in the field

A

Professional Competence

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48
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Refraining from unethical practices

A

Integrity and Objectivity

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49
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Upgrade level of competence; Engage in life-long learning

A

Professional Competence

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50
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Cohesive professional organization; Prioritize broader interest of the profession

A

Solidarity and Teamwork

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51
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Observe ethical practices to deepen this particular principle of professional conduct

A

Solidarity and Teamwork

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52
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Carry out professional duties with due consideration to public interest

A

Social and Civic Responsibility

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53
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Serve patients and the public with due professional concern and contribute to the attainment of national objectives

A

Social and Civic Responsibility

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54
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Open to challenges of a more dynamic and interconnected world to rise above global standards

A

Global Competitiveness

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55
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Maintain levels of professional practices fully aligned with global best practices

A

Global Competitiveness

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56
Q

WHAT GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT: Treat colleagues with respect and fairness and be fair in all dealings

A

Equality of All Professions

57
Q

“To make a public declaration or commitment for a good end”

A

Profess

58
Q

“Principles that govern a person’s behavior in the workplace”

A

Professional Ethics

59
Q

Professional Ethics are a set of rules on?

A

how professionals should act

60
Q

Professional Ethics is the basis for?

A

society’s expectations of the professional

61
Q

A MT does not only know how to perform laboratory procedures and analyses, but performs their work based on?

A

Good reason and sound judgement

62
Q

What is in the Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists (as I enter the practice of MT)?

A
  • Accept the responsibilities inherent to being a professional.
  • Uphold the law and shall not participate in illegal work.
  • Act in a spirit of fairness to all and in a spirit of brotherhood toward other members of the profession.
  • Accept employment from more than one employer only when there is no conflict of interest.
  • Perform my task with full confidence, absolute reliability, and accuracy.
  • Share my knowledge and expertise with colleagues.
  • Contribute to the advancement of the professional organization and other allied health organizations.
  • Restrict my praises, criticisms, views, and opinions within constructive limits.
  • Treat any information I acquired in the course of my work as strictly confidential.
  • Uphold the dignity and respect of my profession and conduct myself a reputation of reliability, honesty, and integrity.
  • Be dedicated to the use of clinical laboratory science to promote life and benefit mankind.
  • Report any violations of the above principles of the professional conduct to authorized agency and to the ethics committee of the organization.
63
Q

What is health (according to the WHO)?

A

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

64
Q

What is the basis in healthcare?

A

Understanding of the concept of health

65
Q

What are the different Concepts of Health?

A

*Biomedical Concept
*Ecological Concept
*Psychosocial Concept
*Holistic Concept

66
Q

WHAT CONCEPT OF HEALTH: Merely the absence of disease

A

Biomedical

67
Q

WHAT CONCEPT OF HEALTH: This concept has minimized the role of the environment, social, and cultural determinants of health

A

Biomedical

68
Q

In the Biomedical Concept of Health, if the person is not sick he is considered?

A

Healthy

69
Q

In the Biomedical Concept of Health, the human body is considered as a?

A

Machine

70
Q

Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic
equilibrium between?

A

the human body and the environment

71
Q

maladjustment between the human
body and the environment

A

Disease

72
Q

WHAT CONCEPT OF HEALTH: Regard health as both a biological and social phenomenon

A

Psychosocial

73
Q

The Psychosocial Concept of Health takes into consideration the following factors, which are?

A
  • Social (relating)
  • Psychological
  • Cultural
  • Economic
  • Political
74
Q

WHAT CONCEPT OF HEALTH: Synthesis of all the other concepts

A

Holistic

75
Q

Holistic Concept of Health recognizes the strength of?

A
  • Social
  • Economic
  • Political
  • Environmental
76
Q

WHAT CONCEPT OF HEALTH: Considers well-being as a whole

A

Holistic Concept of Health

77
Q

Holistic Concept of Health emphasizes on?

A

promotion and preservation of health

78
Q

Illness is (individual/community/doctor)

A

Individual

79
Q

Disease is (individual/community/doctor)

A

Doctor

80
Q

Sickness is (individual/community/doctor)

A

Community

81
Q

Subjective state of a person who feels not
to be well

A

Illness

82
Q

Illness defines the poor state of?

A

mind, body, and, spirit.

83
Q

Illness is the general feeling of?

A

being sick or unwell

84
Q

T or F: Illness includes ambiguous symptoms

A

T

85
Q

Condition of being ill

A

Sickness

86
Q

Sickness is related to what phenomenon?

A

a different phenomenon which the social role a person with illness or sickness takes or is given in society, in different arenas of life

87
Q

A suffering, curse and punishment for sins

A

Disease

88
Q

Disease serves as a channel to better understand what?

A

the human body’s capabilities, interactions, and limitations

89
Q

Medicine has studied disease in terms of?

A
  • Disturbance of bodily homeostasis
  • Morphological changes of internal organs
  • Morphological changes in tissues and cells
  • Irritation of organs and their actions, reactions (physiological)
  • Invasion of the body by an external contagion
  • Genetic alteration
90
Q

The term disease literally means?

A

Without ease (when something is wrong with bodily function)

91
Q

Refers to the presence of specific disease, also to the person’s perceptions and behavior in response to the disease as well as the impact of that disease on the psychosocial environment

A

Illness

92
Q

State of social dysfunction

A

Sickness

93
Q

The practitioner’s perspective, illness seen in terms of theory of disorder

A

Disease

94
Q

Person’s subjective experience of symptoms and what the patient brings to the doctor

A

Illness

95
Q

Social and cultural conceptions of this condition are cultural beliefs and reactions (such as fear and rejection); these affect how the patient reacts, also covers what is considered a disorder suitable for medical treatment

A

Sickness

96
Q

A special calling and a service characterized by a trusting and caring relationship

A

The Healthcare Profession

97
Q

In the healthcare profession, there is trust between?

A

Trusted caring service between the health care provider who offers help and a dependent patient who needs and receives it

98
Q

What are the Qualities of a Healthcare Provider?

A
  1. Effective communication skills
  2. Emotional stability
  3. Self-respect
  4. Flexibility
  5. Good attention to details
  6. Good interpersonal skills
  7. Physical stamina
  8. Problem-solving skills
  9. Ability to respond quickly
  10. Respect for others
  11. Empathy
  12. Compassion
99
Q

Effective communication skills includes?

A

speaking and listening
follow directions without problems
talking easily to patients and families and understanding their needs

100
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER: handle stress, traumatic situations, suffering, and death
able to work without allowing stress to cause serious personal harm

A

emotional stability

101
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
proper regard to the dignity of one’s character or profession

A

Self-respect

102
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
appreciation of one’s obligation

A

Self-respect

103
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
willingness to work long periods, overtime, night shifts, and even on holidays
willingness to accept other responsibilities

A

Flexibility

104
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
understands every step and careful not to make any error

A

Good attention to detail

105
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
works well with different people in a variety of situations

A

Good interpersonal skills

106
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
strong physical endurance to endure long hours of work and perform taxing duties

A

physical stamina

107
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
think quickly to address problems even before they arise

A

Problem-solving skills

108
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
always prepared to respond to sudden incidences; to respond to emergencies

A

ability to respond quickly

109
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
heedful of confidentiality requirements
considerate of other cultures and traditions

A

Respect for others

110
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER: respect people rules, wishes and decisions of patients

A

Respect for others

111
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
sensitivity and willingness to assist other people

A

compassion

112
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
promote patient’s well-being to help improve patients’ health outcomes

A

compassion

113
Q

WHAT QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDER:
help enhance patients’ well-being and improve the quality of patients’ relationship

A

compassion

114
Q

What are the Virtues of a Healthcare Provider?

A
  1. Fidelity
  2. Humility
  3. Compassion
  4. Justice
  5. Courage
  6. Prayerfulness
115
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
keeping the promise of being a patient advocate

A

Fidelity

116
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* provide competent care
* avoid conflicts of interest

A

Fidelity

117
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* recognizing one’s capabilities and limitations

A

Humility

118
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* respecting patient’s autonomy
* willingness to accept suggestions from colleagues

A

Humility

119
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* willingness to sacrifice for others
* genuine concern for the sufferings of others

A

Compassion

120
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* constant will to give what is due to others
* offering needed treatments/interventions

A

Justice

121
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* fairness
* rightfulness

A

JUSTICE

122
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* doing what is right without undue fear
* being true to one’s calling without fear
* willingness to fight for patient’s rights

A

Courage

123
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* willingness to fight for patient’s rights

A

Courage

124
Q

WHAT VIRTUE OF HCP:
* inclination to seek God
* prays for encouragement, strength, and consolation

A

Prayerfulness

125
Q

Without virtues, the delivery of health care
is just a _________.
With virtues, it becomes a _________.

A

business contract
covenant of trust

126
Q

What are the roles of healthcare professionals?

A

central and critical role in improving access and quality health care for the population

provide essential services that promote health, prevent diseases and deliver health care services based on the primary health care approach

127
Q

What are the Rights of Healthcare Professionals?

A
  • basic individual rights (civil, constitutional and statutory rights)
  • considerate and respectful behavior from the patients and to be free from harassment and abuse
  • right to protect ourselves from physical attack
  • right to register a complaint about a patient, and to pursue that complaints through the hospital system or in court of law without risk to employment
  • right not to be required to put patients’ life, their physical health, or the health of their families at risk
  • right to reasonable access to the tools needed to perform the duties of their position
  • right to sufficient personal time during the work shift to keep hydrated and nourished as needed
128
Q

Where did the word patients come from?

A

Patiens (Latin) : one who suffers

129
Q

persons receiving medical care/treatment
persons under health care

A

Patients

130
Q

What are outpatients?

A

one who is hospitalized for less than 24 hours

131
Q

What are in-patients?

A

one who is confined overnight or for an indeterminate time in the hospital

132
Q

What are patient rights under the principle of autonomy?

A

Moral right to determine what is good for himself
Right to self-determination

133
Q

What are patient rights under the medical context?

A
  • right to informed consent
  • right to informed decision
  • right to informed choice
  • right to refusal of treatment
134
Q

What are patient responsibilities?

A
  • knowing rights
  • providing information about past illnesses, hospitalizations, medications, and other health-related matters
  • requesting additional information or clarification about their health status or treatment when they do not fully understand the current information or instructions
  • making sure that the health care institution has a copy of their written advance directive if they have one
  • informing their physicians and other caregivers if they anticipate problems in following prescribed treatment
  • being aware that the hospital has to be reasonably efficient and equitable in providing care to other patients and the community
  • being considerate of and making reasonable accommodations to the needs of the hospital
135
Q

Health care workers should treat their patients as?

A

unique individuals

136
Q

What improves the patient’s experience and increases patient engagement?

A

Personalization

137
Q

Personalization improves and increases what?

A

patient experience and engagement

138
Q

What is essential in personalizing the healthcare profession?

A

Patients ownership of their health and outcomes

139
Q

Personalizing the Health Care Profession includes?

A
  • Getting patients involved in their care
  • Personalized health recommendations
  • Personalized online therapy
  • Personalized delivery of health services and results

2nd Year 2nd Term (38 decks)

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