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Motor Learning Final > CH 11- AUGMENTED FEEDBACK > Flashcards

CH 11- AUGMENTED FEEDBACK Flashcards

1
Q

feedback

A

information about attempts in performing a motor action; can be before, during, after, + delayed after (memory)

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2
Q

**

inherent information

A

inside information in movement production
-sensory feedback
-intrinsic
-depending on nature of movement + source of inherent feedback, knowledge about success of movement can be provided BEFORE completion
* information during movement execution is sufficient; predict an outcome before it occurs
* however- sometimes, evaluation is nonexistent or only possible upon completion

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3
Q

**

augmented information

A

information provided about action supplemental to inherent feedback
-from instructor, therapist, or coach
-extrinsic
-ex:
* scores or points of improvement after an athletic endeavor
* warning light on car notifying engine oil change or high temperature
* beeping to replace smoke detector battery

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4
Q

is all information relevant?

A

NO

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5
Q

concurrent

A

presented during the movement

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6
Q

terminal

A

presented after the movement

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7
Q

immediate

A

presented immediately after the relevant action

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8
Q

delayed

A

delayed in time after the relevant action

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9
Q

verbal

A

presented in a form that is spoken or capable of being spoken

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10
Q

nonverbal

A

presented in a form that is not capable of being spoken

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11
Q

accumulated

A

feedback that represents an accumulation of past performance

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12
Q

distinct

A

feedback that represents each performance separately

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13
Q

**

knowledge of results (KR)

A

verbalized (or verbalizable) post-movement information about the outcome of the movement in the environment
-about the outcome
-terminal (after movement is completed)
-ex: did you catch the ball? You were x away from the target, etc.

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14
Q

**

knowledge of performance (KP)

A

verbalized (or verbalizable) post-movement information about the nature of the movement itself
-about the movement itself
-related to feedback given by instructors to reach target better
-may refer to parts of movement that aren’t being focused on
-ex: coach giving us feedback that we should’ve taken a step forward when shotting dart towards dart board; we didn’t recognize because we weren’t paying attention to it

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15
Q

types of KP

A

many types
-casual commentary from a teacher/coach to complex feedback from a computer simulator or via computer-aided instruction
-video feedback
-kinematic feedback
-kinetic feedback

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16
Q

Kernodle + Carlton, 1992

A

-studied effects of different types of feedback on performance; all seemed to improve over the test sessions

-groups:
* KR- 1 group only got knowledge of results
* videotape- 1 group watched video replays of their own performance with no extra augmented information
* videotape + attention cues: 1 group received verbal cues to watch 1 particular part of movement during video feedback (told to focus on hips during throwing)
* videotape + correcting cues: 1 group received extra augmented feedback in the form of a specific error correction (told before they watched video to rotate hips from left to right during throwing)

-videotape + correcting cues AND videotape + attention cues groups had supplemental information- they performed significantly better than the groups without augmented information
-strongest results when video feedback was paired with error correcting cues

17
Q

**

kinematic feedback

A

-information about motion, disregarding forces that produced them
-measures position, time, velocity, + patterns of coordination from movement

18
Q

what does kinematic feedback measure

A

-position
-time
-velocity
-patterns of coordination from movement

19
Q

Cristea et al., 2006

A

-facilitates specific motor learning outcomes in rehabilitation, specifically hemiparesis patient’s
-arm-pointing task without visual feedback
-10 sessions, 1-month retention
-groups:
* control with no additional information
* KP about movement end-point -> steadily learned + improvement aiming precision but not speed
* KP about elbow + shoulder velocities -> improved velocities

-study showed that augmented feedback may contribute to specificity of learning effects

20
Q

**

kinetic feedback

A

information about forces that produce kinematic variables; muscular forces + duration of action of those forces

21
Q

**

kinetics

A

concerned with determining the causes of motion

22
Q

kinetics information

A

-knowledge of the causes of motion/performance
-identification of the causes of poor performance

23
Q

kinetic variables

A

forces between the feet + ground

24
Q

**

kinematics

A

motion description

25
Q

kinematics information

A

temporal + spatial parameters/performance markers

26
Q

kinematics variables

A

-stride length
-athlete speed
-angular velocity of hip extension

27
Q

self-controlled feedback

A

most prominent effect for those choosing when to receive than those mandated externally

-ex: when someone tells you to do something you’re less likely to WANT to do it than if you naturally wanted to do it

28
Q

order of effectiveness for each type of feedback (mandated, chosen, none)

A

chosen feedback > mandated feedback > no feedback

29
Q

Chen, Janelle, + colleagues, 1997, 2002

A

-found that when the learner chooses whether or not they get feedback, the number of trials they choose to get feedback ranges all over the place
-in all of these, the most important thing was that the subjects chose if they got feedback or not; shows that feedback frequency is less important than the learner’s ability to choose or choose not to get feedback

30
Q

Chiviacowsky + Wulf, 2002

A

most learners prefer good feedback
-possibly due to potential to enhance self-efficacy, which facilitates learning

31
Q

augmented feedback can influence ____, which impacts learning directly

A

motivation

32
Q

**

who coined law of effect

A

Thorndike + Adams

33
Q

**

law of effect

A

indicates positive reinforcement for correct actions + negative or no reinforcement for incorrect actions
-the organism tends to repeat rewarded movements + extinguish/avoid movements followed by no reward/by punishment
* KR indicating small/no error = reward
* KR indicating large error = punishment
-KR is really the outcome of whether or not the subject is successful

34
Q

feedback as information in 3 ways

A

-guidance
-blocking other processing activities
-inducing maladaptive corrections

Motor Learning Final (13 decks)

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