ch. 10

Question 1

experiments that show all knowledge isn’t necessary

Answer 1

-Polani: bicycle balance
-Wulf + Weigelt: complex slalom/ski-simulator tasks

Question 2

experiments that show some knowledge is helpful

Answer 2

-Judd: throwing darts to targets underwater
-Hendrickson + Shroeder: shooting air gun underwater

Question 3

Bell + Hardy

Answer 3

evaluated golfers focused on ball trajectory, landing point, or club

-study found landing point was most significant impact on accuracy

Question 4

Porter

Answer 4

looked at distance jumped in long jump

-study found that athletes performed better when they paid attention to further away target

Question 5

Banks

Answer 5

looked at kayakers + evaluated race time when focusing on finish line or paddle
-study found that focusing further away (finish line) was better

Question 6

Wulf + Weigelt

Answer 6

complex slalom/ski-simulator tasks

-goal was to make oscillatory movements with force against the platform
-1 group was given efficient pattern information ahead of time; other group got no advance information + had to do trial/error on their own
-group with advance information performed less effectively due to TMI

Question 7

Wulf, Chivacowsky, Lewthwaite

Answer 7

age-based study where older adults learned a novel/challenging balance task

-enhanced expectancy group was told people perform well on the task, which made the task appear less daunting

Question 8

Hird

Answer 8

compared mental vs physical practice using pegboard, pursuit rotor task, + control group with unrelated task on stabilometer
-pre-test, post-test set up

Question 9

Armstrong

Answer 9

3 day practice with transfer test on 3rd day when no augmented information was provided to subjects
-groups were terminal knowledge of performance (at end), concurrent knowledge of performance (during), + guidance
-study showed that guidance won’t do subjects well in transfer/learning because they won’t be able to perform without the device

Question 10

which knowledge of power is best

Answer 10

TERMINAL

Question 11

Badly + Longman

Answer 11

massed vs distributed practice for training postal workers using a keyboard under different practice distribution schedules

-study found shorter rest periods degrade performance + longer rest periods result in better performance

Question 12

McKay + Wolf

Answer 12

looked at dart throwing accuracy with subjects focusing on either the bullseye or dart trajectory

-study found looking further away (bullseye) was better

Question 13

distributing

Answer 13

longer rest periods

Question 14

massing

Answer 14

shorter rest periods

Question 15

shorter/longer rest periods degrade performance

Answer 15

shorter
-longer rest periods result in better performance

Question 16

distance effects

Answer 16

FURTHER IS BETTER

Question 17

learning is more effective when

Answer 17

-positive social-comparative information is provided
-task appears less complex

Question 18

motivation has a direct/indirect effect on motor learning

Answer 18

indirect