History Y10 - Unit 1

Question 1

What was France’s background before TOV?

Answer 1

Clemenceau has seen Germany attack his country twice in his lifetime - resentment

• Franco- Prussian War of 1870, France signed a humiliating treaty in Versailles

Question 2

What was Lloyd George like?

Answer 2

He was a realist, he did not have great ambitions for the future and wanted what was best for his country. He wants to keep a balance of power in Europe.

Question 3

What was Woodrow Wilson like?

Answer 3

Wilson was an idealist, wishing to promote world peace and self determination through the 14 points.

Question 4

Clemenceau’s aim

Answer 4

Wants Germany demilitarized, independent Rhineland buffer state against Germany

Wants extremely large reparations

wants to annex the industrial Saarland

Question 5

Lloyd George’s aim

Answer 5

He first promised to punish Germany when he ran for Prime Minister, but later moderates his view

Wants Germany as a stable trading partner, a buffer state against communism in the East (Russia)

Question 6

Wilson’s aim

Answer 6

He discusses the following points in 14 points:

1. The establishment of the LoN
2. self determination of countries
3. disarmament
4. free navigation of the seas
5. liberation of Germany’s occupied territories

Question 7

Clemenceau’s final feelings

Answer 7

Not happy

did get some reparation, but still feels that Germany is too strong

Does not feel secure since there is no buffer state

Question 8

Lloyd George’s final feelings

Answer 8

Happiest of all 3

content with Germany’s moderate punishment (can still be a trading partner) still feels that ToV is too harsh

Happy that he gets African colonies and Wilson’s call for the free navigation of sees

Question 9

Wilson’s final feelings

Answer 9

Feels that the ToV is too harsh

self determination was given to new states such as Poland though denied to Germany

unhappy that only the defeated countries disarmed

happy with the league

Question 10

SADD UP

Answer 10

Saarland - looked after by the League for 15 years, then a plebiscite is held

Alsace- Lorraine - returned to France

Danzig - administered by the League, port that can be used by the Polish for trading, Danzig has to follow a Pole- friendly policy

Demilitarized Rhineland - French and Belgian troops occupy Rhineland for 15 years

Upper Silesia - Given to Poland but the League later divides it into two

Polish Corridor / Posen - given to Poland

Question 11

Why did ToV strengthen Germany in some way?

Answer 11

Before the Treaty, Germany was surrounded by two powerful empires in the East, but after ww1 Germany was now bordered by 4 weak buffer states

Question 12

German feelings about ToV

Answer 12

Unfair - Believes that they could have won the war –> Myth that Germany could have won the war but was betrayed by communists and Jews who forced German politicians to sign the armistice

Harsh - reparations, losing Saar, thought the tov would be based on the 14 points, German economy was already damaged by the war and British naval blockade

humiliated - Germans were proud of their military - resents the demilitarization

hypocritical - 14 points talk about self determination but German self determination is denied. Many Germans are forced to live in Poland

Question 13

When was the ToV signed?

Answer 13

June 28th 1919

Question 14

military clauses of ToV

Answer 14

army limited to 100,000 men
no tanks
no conscription
no submarines
6 battleships
demilitarization of Rhineland

Question 15

Territory clauses of ToV

Answer 15

Lost parts of Germany to Denmark, France, Belgium, and Poland

Lost colonies of Germany to France and Britain

Question 16

Economic clause of ToV

Answer 16

Germany has to pay 6.6 billion pounds of reparation

Question 17

War guilt clause of ToV

Answer 17

Germany should accept the blame of WW1 fully

Question 18

Economic effects of ToV

Answer 18

In 1922, Germany fails to pay some of the reparation, so French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr in January 1923.

Ruhr people was given order to passively resist

In response, the French expelled more than 100,000 Germans and killed 130.

The Germans lost its economically important area, and has to house 100,000 people

government begins to print money

leads to hyperinflation

Question 19

“November Criminals” and the “stab in the back myth”

Answer 19

German politicians who signed the armistice in November 1918 were called the “November criminals”

Question 20

Left wing aggression caused by ToV

Answer 20

March 1920, workers who were the members of the Ruhr Red Army launched a rebellion in the Ruhr.

Question 21

Right wing aggression caused by ToV

Answer 21

in November 1923, Hitler leads the Munich Putsch

March 1923, The Freikorps (anti-communist vigilante group) nearly overthrew the government when the army refused to intervene

Question 22

Significance of Saarland

Answer 22

The industrial region of Saar basin was “looked after” the League for 15 years

later held a plebiscite (referendum)

90% voted to be returned

Most of the profit during the time went to France, Germany unable to pay reparations properly