Cerebrum video

Question 1

What is a cerebrum?

Answer 1

• Origin of all complex intellectual functions
• Two large hemispheres on superior aspect of brain
• Center of:
• intelligence and reasoning
• thought, memory, and judgment
• voluntary motor, visual, and auditory activities

Question 2

What are the surace markings on the cerebrum?

Answer 2

• Ridges (gyri), shallow grooves (sulci), and deep grooves (fissures)
• Central sulcus
• Separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
• Longitudinal fissure
• Separates the two hemispheres
• Transverse cerebral fissure
• Separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Question 3

What are the five lobes of serebrum?

Answer 3

• frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
• insula, not visible at surface (fifth lobe)

Question 4

What are charcteristics of frontal lobe ?

Answer 4

primarily concerned with:
- voluntary motor functions
- concentration and verbal communication
- decision making, planning, and personality

Question 5

What are the characteristic of Parietal lobe?

Answer 5

primarily concerned with:
- general sensory functions
- e.g., evaluating shape and texture of objects

Question 6

What are characteritics of Temporal lobe?

Answer 6

• internal to temporal bone
• inferior to lateral sulcus
• involved with hearing and smell

Question 7

What are characteritics of Occipital lobe?

Answer 7

responsible for:
- processing visual information
- storing visual memories

Question 8

What are characteritics of Insula?

Answer 8

• small lobe deep to lateral sulcus
• can be observed by laterally pulling aside temporal lobe
  involved in
• memory
• interpretation of taste

Question 9

Which lobe of the cerebrum forms the superoposterior part of the hemisphere and is involved with general sensory functions?

Answer 9

The parietal lobe

Question 10

Which lobe of the cerebrum forms the anterior part of the hemisphere and is involved with voluntary motor functions, planning and concentration, and personality?

Answer 10

The frontal lobe

Question 11

What are three Three categories of functional areas?

Answer 11

Three categories of functional areas:
* motor areas
* sensory areas
* association areas

Question 12

What role does the primary motor cortex play?

Answer 12

Control of voluntary skeletal muscle activity

Question 13

What association area allows us to identify known objects with our eyes closed?

Answer 13

Somatosensory association area

Question 14

what is cerebrum white matter?

Answer 14

Myelinated fibers and their tracts
Responsible for communication

• Commissures (in corpus callosum)-connect gray matter of the two hemispheres
• Association fibers-connect
  different parts of the same hemisphere
• Projection fibers-(corona
  radiata) connect the hemispheres with lower brain or spinal cord

Question 15

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 15

It provides the main method of communication between the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 16

What portions of the brain are linked by the association tracts? The commissural tracts?
The projection tracts?

Answer 16

Association tracts connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

Commissural tracts extend between the cerebral hemispheres.

Projection tracts link the cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and the spinal cord.

Question 17

What is cerebral laterlization?

Answer 17

Higher order centers with different but complementary functions
- Categorical hemisphere
* specialized for language abilities
* usually contains Wernicke area and motor speech area
* involved in sequential and analytical reasoning tasks
* the left hemisphere in most people
* left-handed people with either hemisphere as categorical

Question 18

What are the primary functions of the left cerebral hemisphere? The right?

Answer 18

The left hemisphere is specialized for language abilities, and sequential and analytical reasoning tasks.

The right hemisphere is involved in visuospatial relationships, imagination, artistic skill, and pattern perception.

Question 19

What are Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)

Answer 19

• Subcortical nuclei
• Consists of the corpus Striatum
• Caudate nucleus
• Lentiform nucleus (putamer + globus pallidus)
• Functionally associated with the subthalamic nuclei (diencephalon) and the substantia nigra (midbrain)

Question 20

What is function of Basal Nuclei?

Answer 20

Though somewhat elusive, the following are thought to be functions of basal nuclei
- Influence muscular control
- Help regulate attention and cognition
- Regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements
- Inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements

Question 21

What is the general function of the cerebral nuclei?

Answer 21

The cerebral nuclei help regulate motor output initiated by the cerebral cortex.