ddt 26

Question 1

— are natural or synthetic objects with dimensions in the sub micrometer range (nanoscale external dimensions ) and can be formed from one or more objects

Answer 1

nanoparticle

Question 2

— nanoparticle designed for a sepififc purpose
— nanoparticle interntioanlly made
— nanoparticle generated as unimential byproduct of all process

Answer 2

• engineered
• manufactured
• incidental

Question 3

we are exposed to nanoparticles in — because its a common feature
some are —- produces as —
and some are —
other like:

Answer 3

• our everyday life such as sand , toothpaste deodorant
• unintentionally , air pollution
• engineered and used in different applications
• atmospheric aerosols ( from micrometer as dust and fine dust to nanometre as ultrafine dust ) flow
• airborne particles as industrial exhaust fumes , debris and exhaust from traffic
  -air pollution
• tobacco smoke
• food chains as titanium dioxide to make the food white

Question 4

where do nanoparticles that we inhale or eat end up in our body ?
they are — dependent deposition

Answer 4

• they are size dependent deposition , the smaller PM , the deeper it will penetrates into the lungs
• as: Ca 1% of inhaled PM is not inhaled but stays in the lung

Question 5

the major clearance pathways are —

Answer 5

• musciciliary escalator ( tracheobronchial )
• phagocytosis by macrophage ( alveoli )

Question 6

they escape from the — into the —- or —

Answer 6

• lungs
• lymphatic system or circulation

Question 7

the translocation of the nanoparticle across the major protective barrier in the body depends on —–

Answer 7

size and the surface properties of the particles

Question 8

particles can cross the protective barrier as the lungs epithelium and endothelium of the lymphatic or blood vessels if their size is —- and the surface are is —–

Answer 8

• less than 34 nm in size
• not possibly charged ( aka non cationic )

Question 9

very small particles as less than 6nm are quickly cleared by the — and secreted into —

Answer 9

• kidney
• urine

Question 10

asborbed nanoparticles can travel to—- and affect their function and they can cross —–
such as:

Answer 10

peripheral organs , natural barrier as blood brain barrier
- tobacco smoke reduces the level of enzyme monoamine oxidase ( MOA )

Question 11

microscope particles are taken by —-

Answer 11

• phagocytosis via macrophage ( > 760 nm while pinocytosis is <2000nm)

Question 12

small nanoparticles can be taken by many cell types by —

Answer 12

• endocytosis ( less than 100nm)