Explaining the relationship between ethnicity and crime Flashcards
What reasons do Lea and Young give for high criminality of Afro-Caribbean people ?
- not simply victims of racism within the police force
- they are more likely to be involved in street crime than white people
- Due to their reasoning of relative deprivation, marginalisation and subcultures
What was Anderson’s view on racism within the police ?
- Philadelphia neighbourhood
-police viewed white people as middle class and trusting - police viewed ethnic minorities as working class and criminal
- Anderson said this was called ‘colour-coding’
- Example: Police regularly stop + search young black men
What did the Scarman report look at ?
The disadvantages that ethnic minorities face
They recommended the police force taking racial awareness courses
What was the Macpherson report ?
- Said that the police was institutionally racist
- Report took place after the Stephen Lawrence murder
What did Phillips and Bowling say about ethnicity and crime ?
- ethnic-minorities are over policed
- they use military methods
What did hall say about policing the crisis and the relation to ethnic minorities ?
- Young Black muggers are labelled
- moral panic is created about their behaviour in the media
- Young black crime don’t commit anymore crime in comparison to everyone else
- labelling and economy makes it look they they commit more crime
What was the Casey report ?
- created after Sarah Everard murder
- This murder lead to a loss of trust in the met police
- Made to find a solution to restore and maintain public trust
- Found that police were still institutionally racist and sexist
- The met police had very little care about Londoners opinion
What was Reiner’s study on police culture ?
7 characteristics:
- sense of mission
- suspicion
- isolation and solidarity
- conservatism
- racial prejudice
- machismo
What was Holdaway’s study on police culture ?
- radicalisation of police
- Routine police work takes on racial framing
- Prioritises race when irrelevant and ignores when relevant
- inadvertent racism
What was Scratons study ?
- Black criminality is part of ‘culture of resistance’
- Police impose laws which maintain ruling class interests
- Criminality is a response to racism
- more likely to be working class due to the blocked opportunities
- Marxist view but not a marxist
What statistics did Hood find about ethnicity and crime ?
- Black men are 5% more likely to be imprisoned than white men
- Higher percentage of ethnic minorities were sentenced to immediate custody
- from 1993-2003, black prion population has increased by 138%
What are two evaluative points for institutionalised racism ?
- Waddington = high levels of stop and searches of ethnic minorities are due to their availability in public places
- Racism in the criminal justice system increases crime as a deviant reaction
