Reproduction

Question 1

what are the organs of the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

-testes (system of ducts, urethra)

-accessory sex glands

-supporting structures (scrotum and penis)

Question 2

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 2

to produce sperm and secrete hormones

Question 3

What is the scrotum?

Answer 3

a pouch that supports the testes

Question 4

What are the spermatogenic cells?

Answer 4

1. spermatogonium
2. primary spermatocyte
3. secondary spermatocyte
4. spermatid
5. sperm cell

Question 5

What is spermatogenesis, where does it occur, and what does it produce?

Answer 5

-occurs in the testes
-consists of meiosis 1 and 2 and spermiogenesis
-creates 4 haploid sperm cells from a primary spermatocyte

Question 6

what is the function of sperm?

Answer 6

fertilize a secondary oocyte

Question 7

What does the hormone testosterone control?

Answer 7

-growth
-development
-maintenance of sex organs
-stimulates bone growth
-protein anabolism
-sperm maturation
-stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics

Question 8

How does sperm get from the testes to the ovaries?

Answer 8

-sperm is transported from the testes to the epididymis where motility increases

-the ducts deferent stores sperm and propels them toward the urethra during ejaculation

-the male urethra passes through the prostate, deep perineal muscles and penis

Question 9

What makes up semen and what is its function?

Answer 9

-a mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
-provides the fluid in which sperm are transported, supplies nutrients, and neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and the vagina

Question 10

what are the 3 parts of the penis and what is its function?

Answer 10

-the root
-the body
-the glans

-function is to introduce sperm

Question 11

what is meant by an erection?

Answer 11

expansion of its blood sinuses under the influence of sexual excitation

Question 12

What are the organs of the female reproductive system?

Answer 12

-ovaries
-fallopian tubes
-uterus
-vagina
-vulva
-mammary glands

Question 13

Where are the ovaries located and what is their function?

Answer 13

-located in the upper pelvic cavity on either side of the uterus
-they produce secondary oocytes (immature egg cell), discharge secondary oocytes and secrete oestrogen, progesterone, relaxin and inhibit hormones

Question 14

What is oogenesis and where does it take place?

Answer 14

-the production of haploid secondary oocytes
-begins in ovaries
-includes meiosis 1 and meiosis 2, which is completed after an ovulated secondary oocyte is fertilised by a sperm cell

Question 15

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 15

-transports a secondary oocyte from an ovary to the uterus, and is the normal site of fertilisation

Question 16

What is the uterus and its function

Answer 16

-part of the pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to reach the uterine tubes

-it functions in menstruation, implantation of a fertilised ovum, development of a foetus during pregnancy and labor

Question 17

what is the endometrium?

Answer 17

the innermost layer of the uterine wall which undergoes marked changes during the menstrual cycle

Question 18

what is the function of the vagina?

Answer 18

-the passageway for the menstrual flow
-the receptacle for the penis during sex
-the lower portion of the birth canal

-the smooth muscle of the vaginal wall makes it capable of considerable stretching

Question 19

what is the vulva and what does it consist of?

Answer 19

-the collective term for the external genitals of the female

-mons pubis
-labia majora
-labis minora
-clitoris
-vestibule
-vaginal and urethral orifices
-paraurethral glands
-greater vestibular glands

Question 20

What are the mammary glands and their function?

Answer 20

-located in the breasts
-modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that secrete and eject milk (lactation)

Question 21

what does mammary glands development depend on?

Answer 21

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 22

what is milk production of the mammary glands stimulated by?

Answer 22

-prolactin
-oestrogens
-progestrone
-oxytocin

Question 23

what is the function of the female reproductive cycle?

Answer 23

-includes the ovarian and uterine cycles
-function is to develop secondary oocyte, and to prepare the endometrium each month to receive a fertilised egg

Question 24

What is the role of the hormone FSH?

Answer 24

-stimulates development of follicles and initiates secretion of oestrogen by the folly les

Question 25

What is the role of the hormone LH?

Answer 25

-to stimulate further the development of the follicles and secretion of oestrogen by follicular cells
-ovulation
-formation of the corpus luteum
-secretion of progestrone and oestrogen

Question 26

What is the role of the hormone oestrogen?

Answer 26

-stimulate growth, development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, development of secondary sex characteristics and protein synthesis

Question 27

What is the role of the hormone progesterone?

Answer 27

-works along side oestrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation and the mammary glands for milk synthesis

Question 28

What is the role of the hormone relaxin?

Answer 28

increase the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the uterine cervix to ease delivery of a baby

Question 29

what happens during menstrual phase?

Answer 29

part of endometrium is shed, discharging blood and tissue cells

Question 30

what happens during preovulatory phase?

Answer 30

-a group of follicles in the ovaries begins to undergo maturation, one follicle outgrows the others and becomes dominant whilst the others die whilst endometrial repair occurs in uterus

Question 31

what is ovulation?

Answer 31

the rupture of the dominant mature follicle and the release of secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity, brought about by LH

Question 32

what happens in the postovulatory phase?

Answer 32

both progesterone and oestrogen are secreted in large quantities by the corpus luteum of the ovary and the uterine endometrium thickens in readiness for implantation

Question 33

What happens if fertilisation and implantation doesn’t occur?

Answer 33

-the corpus letup degenerates and low levels of progesterone and oestrogen allow discharge of the endometrium (menstruation) followed by another reproductive cycle

Question 34

What happens if fertilisation and implantation does occur?

Answer 34

the corpus luteum is maintained by hCG