Fluid balance

Question 1

What percentage is solids and liquids of total body mass in men and women?

Answer 1

men:
-40% solids, 60% fluids

women:
-45% solids, 55% fluids

Question 2

Out of the total body fluids, what percentage is intracellular fluid, and what is extracellular fluid?

Answer 2

intracellular= 67%
extracellular= 33%

Question 3

What 2 body fluids make up the extracellular fluid portion of the body and at what percentage?

Answer 3

extracellular fluid=
-80% interstitial fluid
-20% blood plasma

Question 4

What does interstitial fluid include in the body?

Answer 4

-lymph
-CSF
-synovial fluid
-aqueous and vitreous humour
-pleural
-peritoneal
-pericardial fluids

Question 5

What are the 4 general functions of ions formed when electrolytes break apart?

Answer 5

1. control the osmosis of water between fluid compartments
2. help maintain acid-base balance
3. involved in nerve conduction and muscle contraction
4. serve as cofactors for optimal activity of enzymes

Question 6

Why are ions kept at unequal concentrations across fluid compartments?

Answer 6

to allow osmosis to occur

Question 7

What does this image show?

Answer 7

Fluid lost from the body is replaced daily, maintaining health, giving an equal fluid balance

Question 8

Where does fluid mostly enter and exit the body tissues from?

Answer 8

the plasma compartment

Question 9

What happens when fluid gain exceeds fluid loss?

Answer 9

immediate compensation between compartments may be inadequate to maintain homeostasis

Question 10

What are the clinical signs of fluid retention or overload?

Answer 10

-weight gain
-hypertension
-oedema
-neurological disturbance

Question 11

What is oedema and what are the 2 different types?

Answer 11

-oedema results from an excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial compartment

1. localised oedema= local swelling resulting from injury
2. generalised oedema= collection of fluid within the chest cavity, abdomen, or air spaces within the lungs

Question 12

What happens when fluid loss exceeds fluid gain?

Answer 12

immediate compensation between compartments may be inadequate to maintain homeostasis

Question 13

What are the clinical sings of dehydration?

Answer 13

-weight loss
-hypotension
-tachycardia
-sticky oral mucus and dry tongue
-low urine production
-neurological disturbances

Question 14

What happens in capillary exchange?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is osmosis?

Answer 15

-water passes from a high water potential (less concentrated solution) to a low water potential (more concentrated solution) through a semi-permeable membrane in an attempt to reach equilibrium

Question 16

What is fluid homeostasis?

Answer 16

involves the maintenance of fluid volume and solute concentration which is essential for fluid distribution by osmosis and cell function

Question 17

What is meant by the terms hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic?

Answer 17

Hypotonic= less concentrated
isotonic= equal concentration
hypertonic= higher concentrated

Question 18

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 18

-The pressure exerted by fluid on the walls of a confirming space e.g blood on blood vessel walls
-it reduces as blood passes towards the venous circulation

Question 19

Explain the role of ADH in maintaining fluid balance

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain the role of aldosterone in maintaining fluid balance

Answer 20