222 Final

Question 1

Postulates of special relativity

Answer 1

1. Any frame moving with constant velocity relative to an inertial frame is also an inertial frame.
2. The speed of light in a vacuum is constant in all inertial frames.

Question 1

Time dilation

Answer 1

“A moving clock is observed to run slow.” Time intervals observed by outside observers are scaled up by a factor of gamma.

Question 2

Length contraction

Answer 2

“A moving object is observed to be contracted.” Lengths observed by outside observers are scaled down by a factor of gamma.

Question 3

Regular Zeeman shift

Answer 3

Occurs when the atom has no net spin angular momentum. Each value of m takes on a new energy level, and the spacing is µ_b * B

Question 4

Anomalous Zeeman shift

Answer 4

In the case with no orbital angular momentum (considering just spin) the separation is 2 * µ_b * B

Question 5

Quantum number l

Answer 5

Relates to total orbital angular momentum. Has values 0, 1, 2, … , n-1

Question 6

Quantum number m

Answer 6

Relates to z-component of the orbital angular momentum. Has values -l, -l + 1, …, l + 1, l

Question 7

Quantum number s

Answer 7

Relates to total spin angular momentum. For an electron, has value 1/2.Q

Question 8

Quantum number m_s

Answer 8

Relates to z-component of spin angular momentum. For an electron, has values -1/2, 1/2.