Motivation + emotion

Question 1

instinct theory of motivation

Answer 1

instincts are complex behavior that have fixed patterns throughout different species and are not learned
- does not explain human behaviors

Question 2

drive-reduction theory of motivation

Answer 2

a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates to reduce the drive
- does not explain stress eating/ overeating

Question 3

optimum arousal theory of motivation

Answer 3

human motivation seeks optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it.
- does not explain why people are motivated to do boring/difficult tasks when tired

Question 4

hierarchy of needs theory of motivation

Answer 4

humans are motivated to get basic physiological needs met first
- however people can still produce art (which =love/self-esteem) even when unsafe or hungry

Question 5

achievement motivation

Answer 5

a desire for significant accomplishment

Question 6

incentive

Answer 6

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 7

high achievement vs low achievement motivation

Answer 7

high: will select moderate challenges/tasks
low: will choose very easy (avoid failure) or very hard (blame failure on difficulty) tasks

Question 8

over-justification effect

Answer 8

extrinsic rewards create low of intrinsic motivation

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Question 10

set-point theory

Answer 10

lateral hypothalamus= hunger ON, retnromedial hypothalamus=hunger OFF
“weight thermostat” based on glucose+insulin monitoring in body

Question 11

stress

Answer 11

the process by which we perceive and respond to events (stressors) that are threatening/challenging

Question 12

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 12

reaction to stress: alarm (sympathetic nervous system activated), resistance (cope with stressor), exhaustion (can lead to illness)

Question 13

catastrophes vs significant life changes vs daily hassles

Answer 13

catastrophes: unpredictable, large-scale events that nearly everyone finds threatening
significant life changes: big personal changes
daily hassles: everyday annoyances

Question 14

eustress vs distress

Answer 14

eustress: CHALLENGE- makes you better, motivates, short lasting
distress: THREAT- chronic, demotivates, negative effect

Question 15

james-lange theory of emotion

Answer 15

stimulus->bodily response/action->brain interprets body-> emotion

Question 16

cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 16

stimulus->mental interpretation->body response AND emotion

Question 17

two-factor/cognitive appraisal/schacter and singer theory of emotion

Answer 17

stimulus->interpretation of stimulus and bodily response->emotion

Question 18

approach-approach conflict

Answer 18

choosing between 2 good alternatives
least stressful

Question 19

avoid-avoid conflict

Answer 19

choosing between the lesser of two evils

Question 20

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 20

keep the status quo vs change that has pros and cons

Question 21

multiple-approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 21

multiple options that all contain pros and cons
most stressful