B5.1.3 Flashcards
What are diploid cells
They contain two sets of each chromosomes.
What are haploid cells
They have one set of chromosomes.
What happens during fertilisation
During fertilisation two haploids fuse to form a zygote. The zygote divides many times to form a new organism.
Why is the combination of genes unique
Because it’s a mixture of both parents genetic material.
What is a genome
The entire of it’s genetic material
What are gametes made by
The gametes are made by meiosis. This results in 4 haploid cells being produced from 1 diploid cell.
What is the first stage of meiosis
1) Chromosomes are copied
2) Chromosomes line up along the middle of cells in pairs
3) One member of each pair is pulled to opposite ends of the cell
4) Cell divides in two
5) Two separate cells form
What is the second stage of meiosis
6) Chromosomes line up along the middle of each new cells
7) Chromosomes is pulled in half. Single copy of each chromosome goes to opposite ends of the cell.
8) Cell divides in two. Resulting in 4 haploid cells.
