BB LEC (Semis- Other Blood Groups- Quiz 2) Flashcards
Found and soluble in plasma and saliva
Lewis Blood Group
“Plasma antigen”
Lewis Blood Group
“Not” a true blood group antigen because it is acquired from the body tissues/Secretions
Lewis Blood Group
Expression of the Lewis antigens are influenced by? (2pts)
Hh and Sese genes
This blood group is weak during pregnancy
Lewis Blood Group
When was Lewis blood group first reported?
1946
Lewis blood group is named after the?
one of the first individuals to make the antibody
In Lewis Blood group, the antibody, Anti-Le^a, is an agglutinated RBCs from about ______ of English people
25%
Are the antigens in Lewis Blood group antithetical?
NO
It was believed that both antigen were antithetical but proven otherwise
Le genes (Le/FUT3) are located at the short arm of?
chromosome 19p13.3
The Le gene of Lewis blood group is linked to? (2pts)
Se and H genes
The gene does not actually code for the production of Lewis antigens but rather produce…?
specific L-fucosyltransferase to type 1 precursor substance
The system depends on 3 genes to produce the Lewis antigen. These genes are:
H, Se, Le genes
The two alleles at the secretor locus (Lewis blood group):
Se and se
The two alleles at the Lewis locus:
Le and le
Le gene codes for?
L-fucosyltransferase
The L-fucosyltransferase that is coded by the Le gene adds fucose to ____________________ to form Leª and fucose to _________________ to form Leᵇ
N-acetylglucosamine of Type-1 precursor; H structure
Lewis typing may be impossible until about?
6 years of age
This was formed by Se by adding fucose to terminal galactose on type 1 precursor
H structure
These antigens are also found on lymphocytes and platelets
Lewis antigens
This Lewis antigen is from the genetic interaction of LeLe and Sese
Lewis Le (a-b+)
Lewis antigens are resistant to treatment by enzymes…?`
Ficin and Papain, Dithiothreitol, and Glycine-acid EDTA
Le gene adds “L-fucose” to the ______________ and;
H gene adds “L-fucose” to ________of the precursor substance forming the Leᵇ antigen
N-acetylglucosamine; galactose
Le gene adds _________ to the N-acetylglucosamine of the type 1 precursor substance to form the Leª
“L-fucose”
This is secreted regardless of secretor’s status
Leª substance
The antibodies from this blood group are IgM and Naturally occurring
Lewis Blood Group
The antibodies from this blood group react at room temperature and at 37C
Lewis Blood Group
The year the antithetical “k” or “Cellano” was first described by Levine and group
1949
The antibodies from this blood group react at immediate spin, bind complement, trigger in-vitro hemolysis, and do not cause HDFN
Lewis Blood Group
The year Kpª antigen and the null phenotype (Ko) were first described
1957
The year Jsᵇ antigen was first described (antithetical to Jsª, and both are related to Kell system)
1963
The year the antibody Anti-K was first identified in the serum of Mrs. Kelleher. Discovery by Robin Coomb
1946
The year the low-incidence antigen K24 was found
1985
The year both Jsª and Jsᵇ were officially added to the Kell system
1965
The year Jsª were first described, named after the first producer, “John Sutter”
1958
The year Kpᵇ was first described
1958
The year the K11 antigen was first reported
1971
The year the Kpᶜ antigen joined the Kell system
1979
The Kel gene is found on _____________ and consist of _________ exons
chromosome 7q33/34; 19 exons
5 sets of alleles that produce the Kell system’s antithetical antigens exist within the Kell locus and these are:
- K and k
- Kpª and Kpᵇ
- Jsª and Jsᵇ
- K11 and K17
- K14 and K24
The different Kell antigens are due to ____________ that results in amino acid substitutions
single base mutations
The Kell Antigens are located on a _________ glycoprotein with ______ amino acids
type II; 719 amino acids
Kell glycoprotein of the Kell antigens is a member of what family?
Neprilysin family
The Kell antigen expression is dependent on the presence of?
Xk protein
The N-terminal domain of the kell glycoprotein is intracellular, and the large external C-terminal domain is highly folded by ___________ and has _______ amino acids with ______ cysteine
residues
disulfide linkages; 665; 15
The kell glycoprotein is linked with XK protein by a disulfide bond at ______ of Kell protein, to the _________of the XK glycoprotein
Cys72; Cys347
- Found only on RBCs
- Appears on fetal red cells earlier than Rh proteins
Kell Antigens
Can be detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 weeks gestation and is fully developed at birth
K antigen “Kell”
The Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as a ____________ which is central to zinc binding and catalytic activity
Zinc endopeptidase
- With 3,500 to 18,000 sites per RBC
- Low prevalence antigen
K antigen “Kell”
k antigen “Cellano” can be detected as early as?
7 weeks
Very immunogenic (second only to D)
K antigen “Kell”
Other term for:
- Kpᵇ antigen
- Kpª antigen
- Kpᵇ antigen- “Rautenberg”
- Kpª antigen “Penny”
Gene encoding for this antigen is associated with suppression of other Kell antigens
Kpª antigen
Found in 2% of whites
Kpª antigen
Found in 20% of blacks
Jsª antigen
The K0 - Kell null Phenotype was identified in what year and by whom?
Bruce Chown, Marion Lewis, and Kiroko Kaita in 1957
Resistant to ficin and papain, and are sensitive to trypsin and chymotrypsin. This is destroyed by Glycine-acid EDTA
Kell Antigens
A patient’s red cells lack the entire Kell glycoprotein, therefore, no Kell antigen
K0 - Kell null Phenotype
This reduces the disulfide bonds of the protein
Sulfhydryl reagents (such as 2-mercaptoethanol, Dithiothreitol, 2-aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide)
The most commonly encountered antibody next to ABO and Rh
Anti-K
Associated with severe HTRs and severe HDFN
Anti-K
- Usually IgG (Predominantly IgG1) and reacts at AHG phase (IAT)
- Stimulated by pregnancy or transfusion and persists for years
Anti-K
Patients with this antibody should receive antigen-negative
Anti-K
Are not commonly detected because individuals who lack these high-incidence antigens/antibodies (?) are scarce
Anti-Kpª, Anti-Kpᵇ, Anti-Kpᶜ, Anti-Jsª, Anti-Jsᵇ
Antigens that are only found in Asians
Kpᶜ
Found in erythroid tissues, brain, lymphoid organs, heart, skeletal muscle
Kx Blood Group “Xk”
Discovered in a young male medical student in 1961. He was initially a Kell null but showed weak expression to some Kell antigens
McLeod Phenotype
True or False: The XK gene that encodes for the Xk protein is dependent to KEL gene
False. Xk protein is independent to KEL gene
Kx antigen is present on all RBCs except those of?
Mcleod phenotype
Rare and are common in males via inheritance of X-linked through a carrier mother
McLeod Phenotype
The McLeod phenotype RBC lacks ______ and ______, with decreased expression of other Kell antigens
Kx and Km
People with McLeod phenotype are known to have the?
McLeod Syndrome (a
neuroacanthocytosis syndrome)
Individual with McLeod Syndrome present…? (2pts)
Muscle and Nerve disorders
- Muscle dystrophy - with increase CK-MM and Carbonic anhydrase III
- Cardiomegaly
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Acanthocytosis, Reticulocytosis, Bilirubinemia, Low haptoglobin, and Splenomegaly
McLeod Syndrome
A multiply transfused hemophiliac who in 1950 was found out to produce antibodies against an antigen name Fyª
Mr. Duffy (Duffy Blood Group)
In what year did Sanger and colleagues report that majority of the African Americans tested were Fy (a-b-)
1955
Most commonly encountered Duffy antigens
Fyª and Fyᵇ
Can be detected at 6 weeks gestation and are fully developed at birth
Duffy antigens
In what year did Ikin et. al describe the Anti-Fyᵇ in the serum of Mrs. Hahn following the birth of her third child
1951
In 1975, it was observed that _______ RBCs are resistant to Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax
Fy(a-b-)
There are about ________to ________ Fyª and Fyᵇ sites on Fy(a+b-) and Fy(a-b+) RBCs respectively
13,000 to 14,000
Found in other body tissues such as the brain, Colon, Endothelium, Lungs, Spleen, Thyroid, Thymus, and Kidneys
Duffy antigens
