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Geography > Economic development in India > Flashcards

Economic development in India Flashcards

1
Q

What are some products India produces?

A
  • Rice
  • Concrete
  • Cotton
  • Metal
  • Trains
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2
Q

What are India’s biggest to 3rd biggest contributors to the country’s GDP?

A
  1. Services
  2. Industry
  3. Agriculture
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3
Q

How much does India’s GDP grow per year?

A

7.6% per year ($600bn)

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4
Q

How long has India’s economy been rapidly growing?

A

The past 10-15 years

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5
Q

What percentage of India’s population lives below the poverty line?

A

20%

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6
Q

Where does India rank in the number of billionaires in the country?

A

4th in the world

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7
Q

What is one reason for India’s rapidly growing economy?

A

Large scale rural to urban migration

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8
Q

What is India’s film industry called?

A

Bollywood

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9
Q

What 5 products bring the most money to the indian economy? (in order)

A
  1. Petroleum ($61.2bn)
  2. Jewellery ($41.2bn)
  3. Cars ($14.5bn)
  4. Heavy machinery ($13.6bn)
  5. Bio chemicals ($12bn)
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10
Q

What industry employs most of India’s working population? (and what percentage)

A

50% of India’s working population are employed in the primary sector.

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11
Q

How much does India’s primary sector contribute to the country’s GDP?

A

Less than 20%

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12
Q

How does the primary sector employ 50% of India’s working population but only contributes 20% to India’s GDP?

A
  • Low paid jobs
  • Seasonal jobs
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13
Q

What percentage of India’s working population does the secondary sector employ?

A

20%

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14
Q

How much does India’s tertiary sector contribute to the country’s GDP?

A

55%

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15
Q

How did India switch it’s electronics industry?

A
  • India used to import many of their electronics.
  • Nowadays, India is exporting electronics on a large scale.
  • India has the 3rd largest number of electronic engineers.
  • Increased demand for electronics as India develops.
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16
Q

What are TNC’s

A
  • Transnational companies.
17
Q

Why are TNC’s good?

A
  • Help encourage development in developing nations.
  • Encourage trade with other nations.
18
Q

What is one of the biggest TNC’s in india?

A

Tata

19
Q

What percentage of India’s GDP comes from Tata?

A

2.8%

20
Q

What industries is Tata in?

A
  • Cars
  • Internet communciations
  • Chemicals
  • Energy
21
Q

What is a significant product from Tata for the Indian population? (why is it important)

A
  • The ‘nano’ car
  • Costs less than £1300
  • Targeted at India’s growing middle class
  • Will be able to produce 250,000 units per year
22
Q

Why is the ‘nano’ car bad?

A
  • Increases air pollution
  • Increases traffic congestion
23
Q

What are the advantages of TNC’s in India?

A
  • Bring new investment to the country.
  • Provide jobs (often at higher than average wages in the local economy).
  • International links.
  • Bring expertise and skills to the country.
  • provide new technology.
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of TNC’s in India?

A
  • Wages in LIC’s and NEE’s are usually lower than those in HIC’s.
  • Can cause environmental damage and deplete natural resources.
  • TNC’s can withdraw their investment from a country whenever they want.
  • Take profits out of the county to pay shareholders and invest elsewhere.
  • Powerful enough to influence politics in a country.
25
Q

What are the environmental issues with rapid urban growth and industrialisation in India?

A
  • Traffic congestion
  • More demand for products
  • High levels of air pollution
  • Rapid growth of slums
  • High levels of waste
26
Q

Facts about traffic congestion

A
  • Adding to poor air quality
  • Costs $10bn annually in just Delhi due to: fuel waste, loss of economic productivity, air pollution, road crashes.
27
Q

Facts about more demand for products

A
  • Rapid growth of middle class means more people with disposable income.
  • More demand for products grows the manufacturing industry.
28
Q

Facts about high levels of air pollution

A
  • New Delhi and Mumbai have some of the highest levels of air pollution in Asia.
  • Caused by the industrial growth of the city.
  • Delhi’s air is considered the worst in the world, according to the WHO.
29
Q

Facts about rapid growth of slums

A
  • Caused by fast rates of rural to urban migration.
  • Slums produce vast amounts of rubbish.
30
Q

Facts about high levels of waste

A
  • Lots of industrial waste.
  • Industrial chemical waste and inadequate sewage facilities result in polluted water supplies.
  • The Ganges is the 5th most polluted river in the world, and serves 500M people.
31
Q

Where is Kerala state?

A

South West india

32
Q

What happened in Kerala state?

A

Coca cola took 510,000 litres of water per day from boreholes and wells in the region.

33
Q

What impacts did coca cola have on Kerala state?

A
  • The water table dropped from 12m below ground to 35m below.
  • Crop yields decreased by 40%.
  • Locals had to walk up to 5km per day to access fresh water.
  • The remaining water burned people’s eyes when bathing.
  • Decline in traditional fruit juice vendors.
34
Q

What were some improvements to quality of life in India as a result of economic development?

A
  • 1 government run hospital bed per 830 citizens.
  • In urban areas, 93% of people have access to electricity, and 55% of people in rural areas.
  • 16,000 km of new roads to reach 6m people in rural areas.
  • 500M households with $10,000+ disposable income.
  • Over 1bn mobile phone users (243M smartphone users)
  • 17% of the population have health insurance and free healthcare is available for those below the poverty line.
  • 4th highest number of billionaires in the world.
  • India’s middle class has doubled to 600M in the past 8 years.
35
Q

What is a comparison for how bad Delhi’s air is?

A

Breathing the air in Delhi is the same as smoking 20 cigarettes per day.

36
Q

What are some problems from economic development in India?

A
  • More pollution.
  • Destruction of habitats.
  • Lots of child labour, especially in the cotton industry.
  • Lots of workers with low wages.
  • Water insecurity.

Geography (20 decks)

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