77. Pediatric

Question 1

APGAR score

Answer 1

Appearance
Pulse <100
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 2

GFR According to age

Answer 2

1 day 24
2-8 days 38
10 - 22 days 50
37 - 95 days 58
1 -2 years 115

Question 3

Gastroschisis vs omphalocele

Answer 3

Gastroschisis Viscera not covered
Omphalocele covered by peritoneum

Question 4

What to do omphalocele b4 the surgery

Answer 4

Echo to assess heart function

Question 5

How much to postpone a surgery in case of severe cold

Answer 5

2 weeks

Question 6

VACTERL

Answer 6

Vertebral
Anal
Cardiac
Tracheal Esophageal
Renal
Limbs

Question 7

What’s transitional circulation. MoA and causes

Answer 7

TC. coming back to fetal circulation after dellivery
Increase of pulmonary blood pressure
Risk. Acidosis, infection, prematurity, hypercapnia or hypoxemia

Question 8

Most common arrhythmia in pediatric

Answer 8

Hypoxia induced bradicardia
VR rare

Question 9

Liver function in newborns

Answer 9

Liver maturity is incomplete
P450 (phase I) works 50%
Phase II impaired (some reactions can take until a year)

Question 10

Hematology in newborn

Answer 10

Increase EPO
F Hb more affinity for O2 (shift to the left)
Turn over to mature Hb until 6 months
Hypercoagulability state

Question 11

Thermoregulation in newborn

Answer 11

Not good. Loss of heat by conduction and convection
Warm mattress and to warm the room prevent loss by conduction
Blankets (most effective method) and incubator convection

Question 12

MAC in pediatrics

Answer 12

In general higher, decrease with age
Peak 1-6 months

Question 13

Scoline IM

Answer 13

< 6 m 5mg/kg
> 6 m 4 mg/kg

Question 14

NDMR in kids

Answer 14

More sensible. Need less dose for similar effect
Sugammadex is safe with same dossage

Question 15

Premedication for kids

Answer 15

MID 0.5 mg/kg PO

Question 16

Stridor. Expiratory vs inspiratory

Answer 16

Expiratory intrathoracic
Inspiratory extrathoracic

Question 17

Most common cause of cardiac arrest in kids

Answer 17

Hypovolemia

Question 18

Fluid requirements for newborns

Answer 18

Day 1 70 cc/kg/day
Day 3 80
5 90
7 120

Question 19

Blood of newborn

Answer 19

Preterm 120 cc/kg
term 90
3-12 m 70-80
>12 m 70

Question 20

Maximum allowable blood loss

Answer 20

EBV x (Starting Hct - Target Hct) / St Hct

Question 21

Maximum rate flow of intraosseous canula (15G)

Answer 21

68
294 with pressure

Question 22

Test to perform before correction of traqueo esophageal fistula

Answer 22

Echo, to examine right sided aortic arch and heart abnormalities
Abdominal US to check for renal abnormalities

Question 23

Lymphoma and Dexamethasone can cause…

Answer 23

Tumor lysis syndrome

Question 24

Delirium in kids

Answer 24

Sevo greater incidence of delirium
Treatment propofol