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320 Pharmacology > Acid Controlling Drugs > Flashcards

Acid Controlling Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

A

H. pylori

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2
Q

What does data not support in relation to stress ulcer prophylaxis?

A

Data do not support the continued use of stress ulcer prophylaxis after the patient is no longer in the ICU.

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3
Q

PUD contraindications?

A

REMEMBER- NSAIDS, Anticoagulants, Anti-platelets are contra-indicated in PUD! Alcohol, Smoking, Steroids!

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4
Q

Important note for antacids?

A

Antacids are usually NOT administered simultaneously with other medications, or even within 1-2 hours of other medications

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5
Q

Examples of Antacids?

A
  • aluminum
  • magnesium salts
  • calcium salts
  • sodium bicarbonate
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6
Q

What are Antacids used to treat?

A
  • GERD/Heart burn
  • ALUMINUM- Hyperphosphatemia due to CKD (except magnesium!)
  • NOT for treating PUD
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7
Q

What do many antacid combinations include?

A

Many antacid combinations include simethicone. Know simethicone (Gas-X). This reduces surface tension of gas bubbles

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8
Q

Aluminum Salts unique adverse effect?

A

Has constipating effects

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9
Q

What are Aluminum Salts used to treat?

A

Can be used in CKD to treat hyperphosphatemia.

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10
Q

Magnesium Salts unique adverse effects?

A

Commonly cause diarrhea

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11
Q

Magnesium Salts contraindication?

A

Dangerous when used with renal failure

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12
Q

Calcium Salts unique adverse effects?

A
  • Constipation
  • Kidney stones
  • Milk Alkali Syndrome (don’t give with milk!)
  • Rebound Hypersecretion of Acid
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13
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate unique adverse effects?

A

Sodium content may cause problems in patients with heart failure (HF), hypertension, or renal insufficiency.

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14
Q

What is Simethicone used to treat?

A

Gas Pain

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15
Q

What are examples of Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs)?

A
  • cimetidine
  • ranitidine
  • famotidine
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16
Q

What are H2RAs used to treat?

A
  • Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
  • GERD
  • Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP)
  • Immune responses (histamine blockade)
17
Q

H2RAs adverse effects?

A

1st Generation- Cimetidine

  • Anti-Androgen
  • Liver Enzyme Inhibition

2nd Generation- Ranitidine, Famotidine

  • no androgen/liver issues
18
Q

H2RAs nursing considerations?

A
  • Kidney Disease/Geriatrics (monitor for CNS effects like drowsiness)
  • pH change in the GI Tract (monitor for infection including C.diff and pneumonia)
  • H2RAs and antacids should be administered at least 1-2 hours apart
19
Q

Example of Proton Pump Inhibitor/PPI?

A

Omeprazole

20
Q

What is Omeprazole used to treat?

A
  • G.I. Bleed
  • Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
  • GERD
  • Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP)
21
Q

Omeprazole adverse effects?

A
  • diarrhea
  • change in gut pH (increased risk for C.diff and pneumonia)
  • change in absorption of electrolytes (hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia)
22
Q

Omeprazole nursing considerations?

A

Monitor for long term treatment complications:

  • Osteoporosis (Vitamin D + Calcium intake)
  • Pneumonia/C.Diff
  • Magnesium (monitor for muscle cramps, more dangerously- seizures)
23
Q

Example of Anti-Ulcer?

A

Sucralfate (treats PUD)

24
Q

How should Omeprazole be administered?

A

Patients should take first thing in the morning, 30 minutes before their first meal

25
Q

Sucralfate nursing considerations?

A
  • Patients may develop constipation- encourage fiber intake
  • Administer on empty stomach for best mechanism
  • Separate administration of other drugs (2 hours before/after)
26
Q

What is Bismuth Subsalicylate used to treat?

A
  • Diarrhea (traveler’s diarrhea)
  • Indigestion/Heartburn
27
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate adverse effects?

A
  • May stain tongue, bowel movements green/black
  • Avoid in children
  • Chronic use could accumulate (risk for salicylism)
28
Q

Antibiotic Regimen for H. pylori?

A

Minimum of two antibiotics prescribed (up to three may be used) to reduce risk of resistance developing FOR 2 WEEKS (14 days)

  • Amoxicillin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Bismuth compounds
  • Tetracycline
  • Metronidazole
29
Q

Example of Prostaglandin Analog?

A

Misoprostol

30
Q

What is Misoprostol used to treat?

A
  • Ulcers
  • Promotes Cervical Ripening (Labor Induction)
  • Treat Postpartum Hemorrhage
  • Can be used for termination of Pregnancy
31
Q

Misoprostol adverse effect?

A
  • Diarrhea, abdominal pain
  • Spotting, dysmenorrhea
  • Pregnancy Category X

320 Pharmacology (36 decks)

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