CLA - Spoken Flashcards
1
Q
When is the pre-verbal stage?
A
0-6mths
2
Q
What are features of the pre-verbal stage?
A
- crying (child begins to understand discourse structure of turn-taking via crying-response pattern)
- cooing - 2mths (child experiments with making sounds, depending on development of vocal chords
- babbling: reduplicated (bababa) and variegated (manamoo) - 6mths (word sounds begin to form, though they are not words)
3
Q
When is the holophrastic stage?
A
12-18mths
4
Q
What are features of the holophrastic stage?
A
- first word produced, often a concrete noun
- heavy reliance on non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expression and noises e.g. crying)
- caregiver is crucial as they must interpret meaning of the word alongside context
5
Q
What are the phonological features of the holophrastic stage?
A
- reduplication (e.g moomoo for cow)
- diminutives
- addition
- substitution
- assimilation
- deletion
- consonant cluster reduction
6
Q
When is the two-word stage?
A
18mths - 24mths
7
Q
What are features of the two-word stage?
A
- verbs develop, grammar is learned for the first time
- ‘naming explosion’ - 2-3 words per day are learned, and by 2yrs old, a child will averagely have 300 words in their vocabulary
8
Q
When is the telegraphic stage?
A
24mths - 36mths
9
Q
What are the features of the telegraphic stage?
A
- child begins to produce longer utterances
- utterances are like a telegram - only key content words are retained
- grammar words omitted
10
Q
When is the post-telegraphic stage?
A
36mths+
11
Q
What are the features of post-telegraphic stage?
A
- child’s speech becomes more like adult’s speech; grammar words are no longer omitted
- nuances of language: contracted forms, verb inflections, formation of pronouns
- by age 4, children speak largely accurately
12
Q
Kroll (1981): what are the 4 stages of learning to write?
A
- Preparation
- Consolidation
- Differentiation
- Integration
13
Q
What 4 genres of writing did Rothery identify?
A
- Observation/comment
- Recount
- Report
- Narrative
14
Q
What lexical features could you find in a transcript?
A
- Latinate choices?
- Formality?
- What kind of words are understood?
- Are utterances more concrete or abstract?
- Any under- or over-extension?
- Any compound words made via over-extension?
- Any modification, or just labelling?
- Any deixis?
15
Q
What grammatical features could you find in a transcript?
A
- Are there auxiliaries? Are they used well?
- Are inflexional morphemes present?
- Are pronouns used correctly?
- Are verb tenses accurate?
- Are tag questions used?
- Are irregular forms accurate?
- Are plurals accurate?
