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kinetics > Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

-concentration and effect relationship
-actions of drug on body
-receptor interaction
-efficacy, toxicity (dose-response)
-mech of therapeutic and toxic effects

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2
Q

PK PD venn diagram

A

-PK: dosage regimen
-both: drug exposure
-PD: effects

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3
Q

Importance of PK/PD

A

-relate patterns of response to drug admin following dosing
-rationale for drug design/selection/dosage regimen
-aid in design of protocols to view in vivo effects

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4
Q

Exposure

A

-any dose or drug input to the body or various measures of acute or integrated drug concentrations in plasma or other biological fluid

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5
Q

Reponse

A

-measure of pharmacologic observation
-desired vs harmful

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6
Q

Effect

A

-change in response from one time to another
-gonna use interchangably with “response” tho

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7
Q

Relating exposure to effect

A

-exposure: time vs concentration
-effect: % effect vs time
-combined: % effect vs concentration

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8
Q

Drug-receptor interactions

A

-form drug-receptor complex
=initiate response

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9
Q

Drug action is mediated by

A

-free drug concentrations

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10
Q

Effect equation

A

do i need to know??

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11
Q

Graded response

A

-continuous scale
-measured in single biologic unit (person)
-relates dose to INTENSITY of effect

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12
Q

Quantal response

A

-all or nothing effect
-measured in more than one individual
-relates dose to FREQ of effect

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13
Q

Graded dose-response relationship

A

-inc curve over time until it hits max

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14
Q

Clinical stress testing

A

-dobutamine for pt that cannot get on treadmill for cardiac stress test
-synthetic cholamine to assess inc in heart rate
-inc dose inc HR

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15
Q

Concentration-effect relationship (parameters)

A

-Emax: peak effect
-EC50: concentration for half max effect

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16
Q

Emax

A

-max effect
-NOT concentration units

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17
Q

EC50

A

-CONCENTRATION units
-concentration for half max response

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18
Q

Receptor parameter

A

-% receptors bound vs dose
-Bmax and kd

19
Q

Doxorubicin

A

-cardiotoxin
-chemo
-quantal response
-heart either fails or it doesnt
-put population data together to get an individual graph
-how much can we give someone before they develop heart failure

20
Q

Clinical quantal

A

-50mg per treatment * 8 treatments = 400mg lifetime dose

21
Q

Efficacy (Emax)

A

-max effect
-Emax

22
Q

Potency

A

-sensitivity to drug
-EC50

23
Q

Agonist vs partial vs antagonist

A

-agonist: max effect
-partial: part effect
-antagonist: no effect

24
Q

When an antagonist is added to an agonist

A

-make agonist less POTENT
-shifts curve right

25
Q

Effect of kidney disease on PD

A

-Na secretion effect on plasma log
-dec response
-gonna need to inc dose or freq

26
Q

effect of disease on PD

A

-effect response

27
Q

Linking concentration to response

A

-GRAPHS HUH
-slide 45

28
Q

Response vs time

A

-predicts response will decline linearly
-one-compart
-linear log-dose relationship
-dec in effect is impact by k (PK) and m (PD)

29
Q

What happens to time course of response if k is increased

A

-Slope declines more quickly
-Eo unchanged
-m unchanged
-time course changed due to change in PK

30
Q

What if dose is changed?

A

-slope same
-y-intercept diff

31
Q

what could cause a change in m?

A

idk

32
Q

Non-compartment PK/PD modeling

A

-PK: Cmax, AUC, fu
-PD: Cmax/MIC, AUC/MIC, t>MIC (time above MIC)

33
Q

graph graph graph

A

slide. 50

34
Q

PD models

A

-linear
-Emax
-Sigmoid Emax

35
Q

Linear model

A

-Effect = Eo (intercept) + S(slope)*C(concentration)

36
Q

Log-linear model

A

-effect = Eo + S * logC

37
Q

Emax model

A

E=(Emax*C)/(EC50+C)

38
Q

Sigmoid Emax model

A

E = (Emax * C^h)/(EC50^h + C^h)
-h is constant
-high h is gonna be steeper slope
-EC50 stays same

39
Q

Ketamine example

A

-sigmoidal model
-S ketamine more effective

40
Q

Direct effect model

A

-peak concentration happens around the same time as peak response

41
Q

Dysequilibrium in concentration-effect relationship

A

-peak effect is NOT at same time as peak concentration
=LOOP

42
Q

hysteresis loop

A

-delay in response causes graph to loop

43
Q

Potential reasons for delay in response

A

-delay in drug reaching effect site/biophase
-production of active metabolite that produces response similar to parent
-up-regulation of receptor response or sensitixation
-indirect effect

kinetics (22 decks)

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