B9 - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is energy needed in animals

A
  • Movement
  • Active transport
  • Chemical reaction to build larger molecules (e.g. protein synthesis)
  • Maintaining body temp (keeping warm)
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2
Q

What is respiration

A

An exothermic chemical process that makes up a a large part of the body’s metabolism
It releases energy for use in other processes

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3
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP

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4
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A
  • Respiration in the presence of oxygen
  • It occurs in the mitochondria
  • It releases more
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5
Q

What is anaerobic respiration

A
  • Respiration in the absence or lack of oxygen
  • Occurs in the cytoplasm
  • Releases less energy than aerboic respiration as the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
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6
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration in humans

A
  • glucose —> lactic acid
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7
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast and what is this process called

A
  • glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
  • This is known as fermentation
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8
Q

Goods that use anaerobic respiration in the manufacturing process

A
  • Alcohol
  • Bread
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9
Q

How does the breathing system adjust to exercise

A
  • Breathing rate increases (breathe more)
  • Breathing volume increases (deeper breaths)
  • This means more oxygen gets into the bloodstream and more carbon dioxide is removed
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10
Q

How does the circulatory system adjust to exercise

A
  • Heart rate increases
  • Blood vessels dilate
  • This leads to a larger volume of blood being transported
  • This means oxygen and glucose are transported at a faster rate
  • More respiration can occur
  • More energy can be released
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11
Q

What happens to muscles during long periods of exercise

A
  • Anaerobic respiration occurs
  • This releases lactic acid which is toxic
  • It builds up in muscles causing fatigue and stopping the msucles from contracting effiiciently
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12
Q

Describe the steps in oxygen debt

A
  • Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt
  • Lactic acid is transported out of the muscles by the blood
  • It is then taken to the liver
  • It is converted back to glucose by chemical reactions
  • This requires extra oxygen after exercise has finished (oxygen debt)
  • This is provided by the increased breathing rate staying after exercise
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13
Q

What is metabolism

A

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body

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14
Q

defenition of oxygen debt

A

The amount of extra oxygen required after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells

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15
Q

Examples of metabolic reactions

A
  • Glucose to starch or cellulose in plants
  • Glucose to glycogen in animals
  • Formation fo lipids from one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
  • Respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Breakdown of excess protein
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16
Q

Role of the liver in metabolism

A
  • Detoxifying toxins
  • Storing iron
  • Storing glycogen
  • Produces bile from breakdown of hemoglobin
  • Breakdown of worn out red blood cells
  • Breaks down amino acids into urea