RM qual 4

Question 1

typically standardised measuring instruments in surveys

Answer 1

what it is and how it is administered is clear

normative data often provided for comparison

Question 2

purposes of surveys

Answer 2

Info gathering: Exploratory, Descriptive

Theory testing and building:
Explanatory, predictive.

Question 3

when to design a new questionnairre?

Answer 3

no established tool to measure phenomena exst

when reliability or validity of established tool is in doubt

avoid jangles (diff labels of same thing)

Question 4

General design principles of questionnaires

Answer 4

• keep it short
  -make sure its readable
• provide appropriate response options

Question 5

what to consider about the order of a survey when constructing

Answer 5

• can be useful to divide qs by topic, q type
• Screening questions - is p.p eligible
• Start w ez and engaging questions
• USe funneling/branching questions if appropriate

Question 6

pros of open questions

Answer 6

provide more detail
rich data
don’t assume

Question 7

cons of open qs

Answer 7

longer and more difficult to complete

difficult to analyse

Question 8

pros of closed qs

Answer 8

quick
easy to analyse
standardised responses

Question 9

cons of closed qs

Answer 9

can impose assumptions
oversimplify complex issues

Question 10

closed questions are more useful for which kinds of work

Answer 10

explanatory or predictive

Question 11

what to consider when writing questions

Answer 11

don’t use negative language

don’t use double negatives

use neutral qs. don’t use emotive language

avoid using leading qs

Question 12

response aquiescence

Answer 12

tendency to agree rather than disagree
includes both positively and negatively worded questions

to pick this up, spot contradictions of positively and negative question agreements

Question 13

Dichotomous question

Answer 13

2 response options

simplest

e.g yes or no

Question 14

Multichotomous questions

Answer 14

either give one response out of multiple options

or multiple responses

Question 15

Likert scales

Answer 15

Multi-point responses
aim to ensure equal spacing of response options
agree vs disagree

Question 16

things to take into consideration when using likert scales

Answer 16

-response acquiescence
-potential for double negatives
-verbal responses for all, or only for anchors? (e.g have strongly agree, disagree and have numbers in between OR all just verbal)
-inclusion of neutral response?

Question 17

non verbal rating scale

Answer 17

useful with chilren or cognitively impaired indivs
-e.g. point to face that shows your answer
- sometimes labels are necessary

Question 18

Ranking scales

Answer 18

measure relative importance of several items

e.g. rank the anxiety you experience in the following situations, 1 being highest …

Question 19

Graphic rating scale

Answer 19

p.p mark along a continuous line which is anchored at each end

Record score by measuring where line is marked

Question 20

semantic differential scales

Answer 20

most indirect measurement of attitude

(doesn’t assume attitudes as a cognitive belief)

Respondants indicate thoughts and feelings by marking a response on a scale between two opposite bipolar adjectives

Question 21

questionnaire response rates are maximised by

Answer 21

• keeping em short
  -simple + clear
• pre-paid envolope
  -send a reminder (after one or 2 weeks)
  -offering an incentive

Question 22

number of response options

too little will result in _____

too many will result in ____ _______

Answer 22

low sensitivity

low reliability

Question 23

psychometrics

includes measurement of

Answer 23

science of measuring psychological constructs

measurements of personality, cognitive ability, attitudes, knowledge, educational attainments

Question 24

Quality is assessed using two criteria

reliability

Answer 24

Temporal consistency (stable over time or over conditions)

Internal consistency ( extent to which tool is measuring the construct were interested in)

Question 25

what is Construct validity

Answer 25

is the construct we are trying to measure valid? Does it actually exist itself?

Question 26

how is construct validity supported

Answer 26

supported by cumulative research evidence over time

each piece establishing an element of reliability/validity

together, supporting evidence of construct itself

Question 27

in the short term, how can construct validity be assessed

Answer 27

Convergent validity: correlates with tests of related constructs

Discriminant validity: doesn’t correlate with different constructs

Question 28

what are psychometric tests

what are some types

Answer 28

standardised questionnaires/tests designed to measure particular traits or abilities

items published as an inventory

-personality inventories
- cog ability tests
- Measure of mental health status

Question 29

comment on validity and reliability of psychometric tests

Answer 29

reliability established

validity sometimes questionable