vowels Flashcards

1
Q

vowels

A

use pulmonic airstream
voiced
open vocal tract

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2
Q

resonate

A

vibrate in response to force

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3
Q

air filled tubes resonate depending on

A

open at one end or both ends
length
shape
vocal tract diameter

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4
Q

Fo

A

rate of vf vibration

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5
Q

pitch

A

perceptual correlate of Fo

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6
Q

Fo controlled by

A

cricothyroid/thryoarytenoid contraction
sub glottal pressure

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7
Q

frequency of string depends on

A

length tension density

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8
Q

harmonics

A

positive # multiples of fo
vocal folds = source

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9
Q

formants

A

bands of frequency in spectrum
greater intensity

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10
Q

resonators

A

containers of air

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11
Q

vocal tract

A

acts as resonator and filter

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12
Q

male vocal tract

A

17 cm

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13
Q

female vocal tract

A

14 cm

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14
Q

calculating wavelength

A

4 x lengthc

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15
Q

calculate frequency w/ velocity

A

34400/w

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16
Q

vocal tract resonate at

A

odd # multiples of lowest freq

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17
Q

vocal tract transfer function

A

tube closed at one end and open at the other
tube resonate best at 4x length of freq

18
Q

vocal tract transfer equation

A

Fn = c/l
f1 = lowest freq

19
Q

F1, 2, 3

A

R1, 3, 5

20
Q

container 1

A

air behind tongue
pharynx

21
Q

container 2

A

air above and around tongue
oral

22
Q

formant 1

A

air in container 1

23
Q

formant 2

A

air in container 2

24
Q

primary resonating cavities

A

nasal oral pharyngeal

25
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

move diff positions

26
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

curl flatten

27
Q

if lips came forward, vocal tract __, frequency __

A

bigger
decreases

28
Q

if lips spread, vocal tract __, frequency __

A

smaller
increases

29
Q

airstream mechanisms

A

initiating speech sound
pulmonic
velaric
glottalic

30
Q

pulmonic

A

lungs
most speech sounds

31
Q

velaric

A

move air out of mouth

32
Q

glottalic

A

pharynx
upward glottis = air out
downward glottis = air in

33
Q

acoustic energy lost in vocal tract

A

glottal opening
absorbent pharynx walls
air particle friction

34
Q

source filter model

A

sounds from larynx
vocal tract resonance
radiation from lips
radiated acoustic pressure wave

35
Q

f1

A

mouth opening

36
Q

f2

A

oral cavity size

37
Q

f3

A

front vs back constriction

38
Q

vocal tract articulatory posture described

A

tongue height/advancement

39
Q

front vowels open

A

f1 increases
f2 decreases

40
Q

back vowels open

A

f1 increases
f2 unclear

41
Q

perception of vowel height

A

f1

42
Q

vowels back to front

A

f2 increase inconsistently
f1 and f2 relationship distance increases