Exam 3: Vowels/Consonants

Question 1

predominantly carries power of speech

Answer 1

vowels

Question 2

made relatively constriction free

Answer 2

vowels

Question 3

relatively higher intensity

Answer 3

vowels

Question 4

relatively shorter duration

Answer 4

consonants

Question 5

predominantly carries speech intelligibility

Answer 5

consonants

Question 6

relatively higher frequency

Answer 6

consonants

Question 7

American English consonants are made with the following airstream

Answer 7

pulmonic

Question 8

the three features that traditionally describe articulation of consonants are

Answer 8

place manner voice

Question 9

voiceless plosive
source/type

Answer 9

vocal tract
aperiodic

Question 10

voiceless fricative
source/type

Answer 10

vocal tract
aperiodic

Question 11

voiced fricative
source/type

Answer 11

vocal folds/vocal tract
mixed

Question 12

semivowel
source/type

Answer 12

vocal folds
periodic

Question 13

voiced plosive
source/type

Answer 13

vocal folds/vocal tract
mixed

Question 14

nasals
source/type

Answer 14

vocal folds
periodic

Question 15

dipthong
source/type

Answer 15

vocal folds
periodic

Question 16

vowels
source/type

Answer 16

vocal folds
periodic

Question 17

enhanced frequencies originate in vocal tract

Answer 17

formants

Question 18

sound wave with frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency

Answer 18

harmonics

Question 19

a band of frequencies in a sound spectrum that have a greater intensity

Answer 19

formants

Question 20

the frequencies of these can be altered by changing the shape/tension of vocal folds and therefore the pitch being created

Answer 20

harmonics

Question 21

these can be changed by changing the size and shape of vocal tract

Answer 21

formants

Question 22

children’s fundamental frequency tend to be around

Answer 22

300 hz

Question 23

t/f when producing a nasal, the velum is raised

Answer 23

false

Question 24

t/f /a/ is considered a tense vowel

Answer 24

false

Question 25

t/f intrinsic tongue muscles control position of the tongue

Answer 25

false

Question 26

vocal tract modification:
lip rounding

Answer 26

f2 decreases

Question 27

vocal tract modification:
tongue height low

Answer 27

f1 increases

Question 28

vocal tract modification:
tongue height high

Answer 28

f1 decreases

Question 29

vocal tract modification:
tongue back position

Answer 29

f2 decreases

Question 30

vocal tract modification:
mouth spread

Answer 30

f2 increases

Question 31

vocal tract modification:
tongue front position

Answer 31

f2 increases

Question 32

this formant is influenced by size of pharyngeal cavity

Answer 32

f1

Question 33

this formant is influenced by oral cavity size

Answer 33

f2

Question 34

what do horizontal lines represent on spectrum

Answer 34

vowel formants

Question 35

American English consonants are produced with

Answer 35

egressive airflow

Question 36

closure of the velopharyngeal port is achieved primarily by contraction of the

Answer 36

levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

Question 37

the inferior, middle, and superior constrictor muscles are together referred to as the

Answer 37

pharynx

Question 38

define VOT

Answer 38

in a stop consonant its the period of time between the release of the energy and the voicing
determines if it will be voiced or voiceless
> 30 m/s = voiceless

Question 39

voice onset time is a critical acoustic cue for perception of

Answer 39

voiced versus voiceless stop

Question 40

antiformants

Answer 40

present when airflow is divided, such as in the /m/ and /n/

Question 41

the acoustic evidence for place of articulation for the glides is

Answer 41

the formant transition of the adjacent vowel

Question 42

for a tube closed at one end and open at the other, the tube will resonate best at a frequency that has a wavelength that is __ times the length of the tube

Answer 42

4

Question 43

3 common characteristics of deaf speech

Answer 43

They lateralize consonants with an l
Nasalize their sounds
Talk in lower frequencies
keep tongue in mid position

Question 44

discuss how you would produce the sound /v/ relating your answer back to the source filter model.

Answer 44

/v/ is a voiced labiodental sound. the sound is coming from the larynx with the vocal folds vibrating. the vocal tract will resonate. the radiation from the lips helps create the full sound and then there is a radiated acoustic pressure wave.

Question 45

what parameters are shown on a spectrogram? what characteristics should you look for?

Answer 45

3 formants. f1 represents tongue height, f2 is tongue advancement. the darker bands are the ferments representing intensity. the more darker they are the higher the intensity. the harmonics are the areas in between the darker bands which come from the vocal tract.