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psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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Psychology 101 flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

How many paragraphs should an essay have?

A

As many as it takes

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2
Q

What are scientifically supported study strategies?

A

Testing
Interleaving

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3
Q

What type of study can demonstrate a causal relationship?

A

Experimental

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4
Q

Representative sample

A

People represent the demographic to be selected

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5
Q

Is rote memorization effective

A

NO

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6
Q

Falsifiable

A

If there is enough evidence against it

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7
Q

Why is replication important?

A

So other scientists can validate the study

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8
Q

Random sample

A

Everyone has equal chance of being picked

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9
Q

Correlation coefficients

A

Positive- up and up
Negative- down and down
None- non related
Inverse- opposite
Direct- +/-

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messangers

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11
Q

Four lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal- thinking
  2. Occipital- eyes
  3. Temporal- hearing/speech
  4. Parietal- senses
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12
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center

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14
Q

Three divisions of the brain

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Forebrain
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15
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

One egg
Share 100% of DNA

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16
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Two eggs
Share 50% of DNA

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17
Q

What is the difference between monozygotic twins attributed to?

A

Environmental changes

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18
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Natural selection

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19
Q

Absolute threshold VS difference threshold

A

Absolute threshold- minimum stimulus needed to detect something

Difference threshold- difference between strength of stimuli until you can detect it

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20
Q

What is the difference about hormones and neurotransmitters

A

Goes through the bloodstream/is slower

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21
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural painkillers

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22
Q

Rods VS cones

A

Rods- black and white
Cones- color

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23
Q

What is sex assigned at birth determined by?

A

Genes

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24
Q

Gender

A

The way you feel/identify

Cultural construct

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25
Q

Gustation

A

Taste in response to chemicals

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26
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

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27
Q

Four parenting styles

A
  1. Authoritative- good balance
  2. Authoritarian- dictator
  3. Negligence- not involved
  4. Permissive- allows everything
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28
Q

Original classical conditioning experiment

A

Pavlov’s dog

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29
Q

Acquistion

A

Gain the skill

(Salivating at the bell)

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30
Q

Discrimination

A

Understanding the difference between stimuli and other sounds

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31
Q

Generalization

A

All sounds are similar to the stimulus

32
Q

Positive VS negative operant conditioning

A

Positive- adding
Negative- taking away

33
Q

Reinforcement VS punshiment

A

Reinforcement- continue the behavior

Punishment- stop doing the behavior

34
Q

Social learning theory

A

Observing/imitating others

35
Q

What does adolescence start?

A

Puberty

36
Q

What is the zone of proximal development

A

Area where you can learn something new but need help

37
Q

Gender identity

A

How you identify

38
Q

Personality

A

Patterns

39
Q

Informative VS normative social influence

A

Informative- thinking someone has more information than you do

Normative- wanting to be normal/following the crowd

40
Q

When are we more likely to be attracted to someone?

A

-Proximity
-Similarity

41
Q

Bystander effect

A

The more people around, the less likely you are to help

42
Q

Conformity study

A

Line study, conforming to the group

43
Q

Obedience to authority study

A

Lab coat man says to keep shocking the subject and they listen

44
Q

Are repressed memories real?

A

NO

45
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

Believe you get back what you put in
(karma)

46
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Your own personal factors/environmental influences/behaviors impact each other

47
Q

What three factors compose prejuidice?

A
  1. Discrimination
  2. Stereotypes
  3. Negative emotions
48
Q

When are memories used for eye witness testimonies accuracte?

A

-Person is older
-No leading questions
-Not hipnosis

49
Q

3 step memory model

A

Sensory, short term, long term

50
Q

Big 5 personality traits

A

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

51
Q

What is personality determined by?

A

Genetics

52
Q

What leads to prejuidice?

A

In group out group bias

53
Q

What leads to longer relationships?

A

-Supporting partner
-More positive than negative interactions
-Vulnerability
-Sharing tasks

54
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Making a wrongful assumption about someone, but not knowing their situation

55
Q

Steyotype

A

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

56
Q

Social identity theory

A

Being in groups determines who we are

57
Q

4 D’s of psycopathology

A

Distress
Danger
Dysfunction
Deviance

58
Q

What are eating disorders about

A

Control

59
Q

What is dissociation caused by

A

Trauma

60
Q

Most common psychological disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder/major depressive disorder

61
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

No empathy

62
Q

Schitozphreinia

A

Hallucinations

63
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Can be treated

64
Q

PTSD

A

Flashbacks/memories of event

65
Q

Mania

A

Full mania is more dangerous

66
Q

Medical model of psychological disorders

A
67
Q

ADHD

A

Have a different brain structure

68
Q

Autism

A

Cannot be cured/caused by vaccines

-Deficits in social situations/behaviors

69
Q

Is therapy effective?

A

Yes

70
Q

Therapeutic orientaiton

A

Style of therapy

71
Q

Most of the change of therapy happens because of what?

A

Outside factors

72
Q

APA ethical code?

A

Must follow code

73
Q

Inight based therapies

A

Help people understand themselves better

74
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Changing behaviors and thoughts

75
Q

Dodo bird verdict

A

All therapies are equally effective

76
Q

What three things are common to all psychotherapies

A
  1. Relationship between therapist and patient
  2. Generating hope
  3. New perspective
77
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

No matter what happens you won’t judge client as a therapist/care for them

psychology (5 decks)

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