Reproductive System Flashcards
What is asexual reproduction?
Produce offspring genetically identical to their parents
What is sexual reproduction?
Produces offspring genetically different from their parents - new individual formed by fusion of haploid gametes to form diploid zygote
What are the gametes?
Haploid cells
Male: sperm
Female: ova
Characteristics of asexual reproduction
1 parent, gametes not produced, genetically identical offspring, cell divisions are mitotic, large number of offspring in short time
Characteristics of sexual reproduction l
2 parents, gametes produced, genetic variation of offspring, produced by meiotic division and zygote developed by mitotic division, less offspring
What are haploid cells?
Diploid cells replicate and divide twice via meiosis - half the number of chromosomes as it’s parent cell
What is fertilisation?
Fusion of 2 haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
What is it meant by humans being diploid organisms?
Require 23 chromosomes from father 23 from mother - 46 chromosomes - 22 autosomal and 1 sex-linked
What is meiosis?
Cell division reduces the no. of chromosomes in parent cell by half and produces 4 gamete cells
What is mitosis?
Cell division resulting in 2 daughter cells - same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
What do autosomal chromosomes control?
Development of the human body & variable characteristics e.g. hair colour, blood type
What do the sex chromosomes code for?
Development of internal & external sex organs
What are sex organs composed up?
The gonads, internal genitalia, external genitalia
What are gonads?
Organs that produce gametes
Males:testes
Females:ovaries
What is Müllerian Inhibiting Substance/ anti-Müllerian hormone?
Secreted by foetal testis causes regression of the Müllerian ducts to prevent differentiation of female reproductive organs in males