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questions i got wrong > phase 2 liver > Flashcards

phase 2 liver Flashcards

1
Q

complications of acute pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst
Pancreatic abscess
Sepsis
Hypovolemic shock
DIC
Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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2
Q

symptoms of jaundice

A

Yellowing of the skin
Dark urine
Pale stools
Biliary pain
Rigors
Abdomen swelling
Weight loss

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3
Q

pre hepatic causes of jaundice

A

G6PD deficiency
spherocytosis
thalassema
vitamin b12 deficincy

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4
Q

intraheparic causes of jaudnice

A

hepaitis
cirhoosis
PBC
PSC

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5
Q

post hepatic causes of jaundice

A

bile duct strictures
tumours
inflammation

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6
Q

two clinical signs other than abdominal distention that would help confirm the presence of ascites

A

Shifting dullness, flank dullness, Fluid thrill, Bulging flanks

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7
Q

clinical signs of chronic liver disease that may be found on examination of the hand

A

Finger clubbing, palmar erythema, asterixis, oedema, Muscle wasting, cutaneous telangiectasia, Dupuytren’s contracture, liver flap,
Jaundice, easy bruising, hair loss, scratch marks secondary to pruritis, nail changes, white
nails, spider naevi, petechiae purpura

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8
Q

complications of chronic liver disease

A

varices
HE
HCC
ascites

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9
Q

what sign is present in pancreatic cancer

A

Courvoisier’s sign (1) – palpable enlarged gallbladder + painless jaundice

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10
Q

blood marker to monitor pancreatic cancer

A

CA 19-9

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11
Q

diagnostic test for pancreatic cancer

A

Pancreatic CT protocol

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12
Q

managment and prognosis for pancreatic cancer

A

Palliative supportive care

Very poor prognosis – only around 5% 3 year survival

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13
Q

how to differentiate between hep b and c presentation

A

heb b presents with jaundice

hep c presents asymptomatucally

both may cause track marks on arm due to ivdu

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14
Q

first line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis

A

predinosolone

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15
Q

gold standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis

A

Prednisolone and azathioprine

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16
Q

whats used to maintain remission in autoimmune hepatiis

A

azathriopine

17
Q

what disease is Cholangiocarcinoma associated with

A

PSC

18
Q

what disease is HCC associated with

A

PBC

19
Q

causes / rf of hiatal hernia

A

Lifting heavy weights
Previous abdominal surgery
Chronic cough
Straining whilst defecating

20
Q

What causes median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS)

A

Compression of the coeliac artery

21
Q

5 causes of HCC

A

*Alcohol
* Fatty liver
* Haemochromatosis
* Wilson’s disease
*hepatitis

22
Q

pathophysiology of hepatitis

A

Something causes liver injury, which leads to activation of the inflammatory response:

o infiltration of inflammatory cells and liver cell necrosis
o if this is chronic it can lead to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis à chronic liver disease

initial causes of liver injury:
- infection (bacterial/viral/parasite),
- medications
- alcohol
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- autoimmune.

23
Q

treatment for ruptured appendix

A

urgent surgery to remove the ruptured appendix and to clean out the cavity
(peritoneal lavage).

  • IV antibiotics for at least a few days after the surgery, then they will require 2-4 weeks of oral antibiotics.
24
Q

where are keyser flecihner rings

A

Build-up of copper in the iris

25
Q

clinical features of PBC

A

Pruritus, with or without jaundice is the most common presenting complaint
* Hepatosplenomegaly
* Xanthelasma
* Raised serum alkaline phosphatase or autoantibodies
* Steatorrhea
* Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins

26
Q

FIRST LINE MANAGEMNT FOr paracetamol overdose

A

N-acetyl-cysteine AND activated charcoal within 1 hr of ingested substance

27
Q

immediate management for ruptured oesophageal varices

A

ABCDE
BP is low so need to improve with IV
access and fluid resuscitation

28
Q

bloods for ruptured oesophageal varices

A

Anaemia, (Low ferritin, Low Hb). Raised bilirubin.
Low albumin.
Raised ALT, AST and ALP.
High creatinine.
Increased prothrombin time

29
Q

methods of spreads of all hepaitis

A

a & e- oral
b,c,d - percutaneous/permucosal

30
Q

which hepaitis has a vaccien in uk

A

hep b

31
Q

what disease has positive murphs sign

A

acute cholecystitis

32
Q
A
33
Q
A

questions i got wrong (25 decks)

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